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Residential mobility during pregnancy and the potential for ambient air pollution exposure misclassification
Abstract
Studies of environmental exposures and adverse birth outcomes often rely on maternal address at birth obtained from the birth certificate to classify exposure. Although the gestational age of interest is often early pregnancy, maternal addresses are not available for women who move during pregnancy when using maternal addresses abstracted from birth certificates. The aim of this study was to explore the extent of ambient air pollutant exposure misclassification due to maternal residential mobility during pregnancy among the subgroup of a New York birth cohort. The authors obtained the maternal addresses at birth from the New York Birth Certificate, and the maternal addresses by gestational age from the National Birth Defect Prevention Study for New York participants for the study period 1997-2002. Among the 1324 mothers, 172 (13.0%) moved once during pregnancy and 46 (3.5%) moved at least twice. When accounting for multiple addresses among some individuals, of the 218 mothers who moved, 38 (2.9%) moved in the 3rd to 8th weeks after conception (critical period, not exclusive from the 1st trimester), 80 (6.0%) moved in the 1st trimester, 112 (8.5%) in the 2nd trimester, and 51 (3.9%) in the 3rd trimester. Air monitoring data from the New York Department of Environmental Conservation were used as surrogates to compute the ambient ozone and PM(10) exposures for mothers with complete residential data. This study estimates exposure using maternal address at birth obtained from birt…
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“Four (80%) of the included articles explored the impact of residential mobility on exposure assessment; that is, whether patients’ moving impacted the results of studies looking at environmental outcomes.15,16,56,57”
From The quality of social determinants data in the electronic health record: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“When confronted with data from patients who may have moved several times over the study period, 3 studies concluded that a single patient address was sufficient;15,56,57”
From The quality of social determinants data in the electronic health record: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“while the other 2 concluded that address at birth was adequate for research on the effect of early exposures.15,57”
From The quality of social determinants data in the electronic health record: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
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Research works printed but not linked: 36
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“County-level residence at birth may not capture residential mobility during pregnancy (49, 50).”
Yang, A. R., Parra, K., Paul, K., Bedrick, E. J., Ritz, B., Beamer, P. I., & Furlong, M. A. (2026) · Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/s41370-026-00849-8
“Our fi ndings suggest that public health interventions should be aimed at lessening maternal agricultural pesticide exposures to potentially improve newborn health outcomes.”
Simoncic, V., Wenger, R., Deruelle, P., Sananès, N., Schillinger, C., Huber, L., Deguen, S., & Kihal-Talantikite, W. (2025) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/s12942-025-00436-4
“…several approaches have been developed to collect spatiotemporal activity data, including travel pattern interviews and diaries [28, 36], the inclusion of multiple addresses (e.g., home and workplace) or full-day mobility tracking [27, 28] during the temporal window of exposure [21, 31, 37].”
Strategies for ascertaining timing of address changes in administrative data
Lam, J., Cortina-Borja, M., Christen, P., Thomas, R., Aldridge, R., Blackburn, R., Gilbert, R., Boyd, A., & Harron, K. (2025) · International Journal of Population Data Science · doi:10.23889/ijpds.v10i1.2995
“This was also described by Chen et al. [28] for a small cohort of pregnant mothers, where most moves in their cohort were within the same neighbourhood, or between neighbourhoods of similar characteristics.”
Liao, L.-H., Xiang, L., Li, N., & Li, S. (2025) · Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10962247.2025.2542158
“However, some published studies have verified that exposure misclassification induced by maternal mobility during pregnancy may be nondifferential between cases and controls (Chen et al. 2010; Lupo et al. 2010).”
Unseld, T., Ickstadt, K., Ward, K. C., Switchenko, J. M., Chang, H. H., & Hüls, A. (2024) · Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.sste.2024.100698
Mối liên quan giữa bụi mịn PM2.5 và kết quả sinh con nhẹ cân đủ tháng tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Lê, L., Le, P. T. V., & Trần, Đ. N. (2022) · Tap chi nghien cuu y hoc · doi:10.52852/tcncyh.v149i1.425
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, L., Bell, E. M., Caton, A. R., Druschel, C. M., & Lin, S.
- Affiliations
- New York State Department of Health (US)
- University at Albany, State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Lei
- Venue
- Environmental Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 162-168
- ISSN
- 0013-9351 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2040468712
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (U50/CCU223184)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Keywords
- ambient air pollution exposure, exposure misclassification, maternal interview, ozone exposure, PM10 exposure, birth cohort
- MeSH terms
- Congenital Abnormalities, Adult, Air Pollutants, Birth Certificates, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, New York, Ozone, Population Dynamics, Pregnancy, Cohort Studies, Maternal Exposure, Particulate Matter, Young Adult
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