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Towards a fuller assessment of benefits to children's health of reducing air pollution and mitigating climate change due to fossil fuel combustion
Abstract
Background Fossil fuel combustion by-products, including particulate matter (PM 2.5), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) and carbon dioxide (CO 2), are a significant threat to children's health and equality. Various policies to reduce emissions have been implemented to reduce air pollution and mitigate climate change, with sizeable estimated health and economic benefits. However, only a few adverse outcomes in children have been considered, resulting in an undercounting of the benefits to this vulnerable population.Objectives Our goal was to expand the suite of child health outcomes addressed by programs to assess health and economic benefits, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP), by identifying concentration-response (C-R) functions for six outcomes related to PM 2.5, NO 2, PAH, and/or PM 10: preterm birth (PTB), low birthweight (LBW), autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, IQ reduction, and the development of childhood asthma.Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature published between January 1, 2000 and April 30, 2018 to identify relevant peer-reviewed case-control and cohort studies and meta-analyses. In some cases meta-analyses were available that provided reliable C-R functions and we assessed their consistency with subsequent studies. Otherwise, we reviewed all eligible studies published between our search dates.Results For each pollutant and health outcome, we present the characteristics of each selected study. We distinguish between C-R functions for endpoints having a causal or likely relationship (PTB, LBW, autism, asthma development) with the pollutants for incorporation into primary analyses and endpoints having a suggestive causal relationship with the pollutants (IQ reduction, ADHD) for secondary analyses.Conclusion We have identified C-R functions for a number of adverse health outcomes in children associated with air pollutants largely from fossil fuel combustion. Their incorporation into expanded assessments of health benefits of clean air and climate mitigation policies will provide an important incentive for preventive action.
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“There are also some indications that increased in-utero exposure to particular matter and other air pollutants could have physical, cognitive, and behavioural effects on the child later on in life.86”
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Additional file 1 of Effects of pollution on adolescent mental health: a systematic review protocol
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Additional file 2 of Effects of pollution on adolescent mental health: a systematic review protocol
Theron, L. C., Abreu‐Villaça, Y., Augusto‐Oliveira, M., Brennan, C. H., Lopez, M. E. C., de Paula Arrifano, G., Glazer, L., Lin, L., Mareschal, I., Sartori, L., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14330691
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Jin, C., Yin, M., Zhang, W.-H., Li, Y., Wang, J., Gu, B., Lu, Y.-H., Wang, X.-C., & An, Q. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7273393
Metadata
- Authors
- Perera, F., Ashrafi, A., Kinney, P., & Mills, D.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Schulman, Ronca & Bucuvalas (US)
- Corresponding author
- Perera, F.
- Venue
- Environmental Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-05
- Volume
- 172
- Pages
- 55-72
- ISSN
- 0013-9351 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2905351498
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (2P50ES09600)
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (UG3OD023290-02)
- Blanchette Hooker Rockefeller Fund
- John Merck Fund
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RD83615401)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Keywords
- air pollution, fossil fuel combustion, child health, concentration-response functions, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PM10, preterm birth, low birth weight, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, childhood asthma, BenMAP, climate change mitigation, air quality policy, health equity
- MeSH terms
- Child Health, Air Pollution, Environmental Exposure, Female, Fossil Fuels, Humans, Pregnancy, Risk Assessment, Climate Change
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