Modelling with stakeholders☆

Cited by (1,001)

Items 401–500 of 1,001

1. Participatory design of agronomic scenarios for the reintroduction of legumes into a French territory
   Elise Pelzer, Mathilde Bonifazi, Marion Soulié, Laurence Guichard, Maude Quinio, Rémy Ballot, Marie‐Hélène Jeuffroy · 2020 · Agricultural Systems
2. Balancing ecology, economy and culture in fisheries policy: Participatory research in the Western Mediterranean demersal fisheries management plan
   Sílvia Gómez, Francesc Maynou · 2021 · Journal of Environmental Management
3. Services provided by multifunctional agroecosystems: Questions, obstacles and solutions
   Alexia Stokes, Géraldine Bocquého, Pascal Carrère, Raphaël Conde Salazar, Marc Deconchat, Léo Garcia, Antoine Gardarin, Christian Gary, Cédric Gaucherel, Mamadou Gueye et al. · 2023 · Ecological Engineering
4. Estimating the potential of roadside vegetation for bioenergy production
   Alexey A. Voinov, Oludunsin Tunrayo Arodudu, Iris van Duren, Javier Morales, Ling Qin · 2015 · Journal of Cleaner Production
5. Conceptualising and mapping coupled estuary, coast and inner shelf sediment systems
   Jon R. French, Helene Burningham, Gillian Denise Thornhill, R.J.S. Whitehouse, Robert James Nicholls · 2015 · Geomorphology
6. Towards evaluation criteria in participatory flood risk management
   Shaun A. Maskrey, Sally J. Priest, Nick J. Mount · 2018 · Journal of Flood Risk Management
7. Frontline narratives on sustainable development challenges/opportunities in the ‘illegal’ gold mining region of Madre de Dios, Peru: Informing an integrative collaborative response
   Phyllis Duff, Timothy J. Downs · 2019 · The Extractive Industries and Society
8. Co-development of a climate change decision support framework through engagement with stakeholders
   Anne Leitch, Jean P. Palutikof, David Rissik, Sarah Boulter, Fahim Tonmoy, S. Webb, A. C. Perez Vidaurre, M. C. Campbell · 2019 · Climatic Change
9. An Integrated Assessment Approach for Socio‐Economic Implications of the Desert Locust in Eastern Africa
   Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame, Komi Mensah Agboka, Emily Kimathi, Bester Tawona Mudereri, Elfatih Mohamed Abdel-Rahman, Tobias Landmann, Mwesigwa Moses Rwaheru, Osman Abdalla, Moses Mafabi, Louis Mitondo Lubango et al. · 2024 · Earth s Future
10. Bi-objective optimization of a water network via benchmarking
    Hella Tokos, Zorka Novak Pintarič, Yongrong Yang · 2012 · Journal of Cleaner Production
11. Strategies for communicating systems models
    Damon M. Hall, E. Lazarus, T. Swannack · 2014 · Environmental Modelling & Software
12. An integrative modelling approach for linking environmental flow management, ecosystem service provision and inter-stakeholder conflict
    Dídac Jordà-Capdevila, Beatriz Rodríguez‐Labajos, Mònica Bardina · 2016 · Environmental Modelling & Software
13. Modelling socio-ecological systems with MAIA: A biogas infrastructure simulation
    Reinier Verhoog, Amineh Ghorbani, Gerard P.J. Dijkema · 2016 · Environmental Modelling & Software
14. Staying the Course: Collaborative Modeling to Support Adaptive and Resilient Water Resource Governance in the Inland Northwest
    Allyson Beall King, Melanie Thornton · 2016 · Water
15. Territorial vulnerability assessment frame in Colombia: Disaster risk management
    Paula Andrea Villegas-González, Alfonso Mariano Ramos-Cañón, Mauricio González-Méndez, Ramón Eduardo González-Salazar, Juan Sebastián De Plaza-Solórzano · 2017 · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
16. Cultural landscapes of the future: using agent-based modeling to discuss and develop the use and management of the cultural landscape of South West Devon
    Koen F. Tieskens, Brian J. Shaw, Toon Haer, Catharina J.E. Schulp, Peter H. Verburg · 2017 · Landscape Ecology
17. Enhancing Flood Resilience Through Collaborative Modelling and Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)
    Mariele Evers, Adrian Delos Santos Almoradie, Mariana Madruga de Brito · 2017 · The urban book series
18. Social Ecological System Tools for Improving Crop Pest Management
    Roger D. Magarey, Thomas M. Chappell, Christina M Trexler, Godshen R. Pallipparambil, Ernie F. Hain · 2019 · Journal of Integrated Pest Management
19. Farmer Mental Models of Biological Pest Control: Associations With Adoption of Conservation Practices in Blueberry and Cherry Orchards
    Chris J. Bardenhagen, Philip H. Howard, Steven A. Gray · 2020 · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
20. Operationalizing environmental indicators for real time multi-purpose decision making and action support
    Hermann Klug, Alexander Kmoch · 2014 · Ecological Modelling
21. An integrated monitoring/modeling framework for assessing human–nature interactions in urbanizing watersheds: Wappinger and Onondaga Creek watersheds, New York, USA
    Bongghi Hong, Karin E. Limburg, Myrna Hall, Giorgos Mountrakis, Peter M. Groffman, Karla Hyde, Li Luo, Victoria R. Kelly, Seth J. Myers · 2011 · Environmental Modelling & Software
22. Agent-as-a-service-based geospatial service aggregation in the cloud: A case study of flood response
    Xicheng Tan, Liping Di, Meixia Deng, Fang Huang, Xinyue Ye, Zongyao Sha, Ziheng Sun, Weishu Gong, Yuanzheng Shao, Cheng Huang · 2016 · Environmental Modelling & Software
23. A science of integration: frameworks, processes, and products in a place-based, integrative study
    Andrew D Kliskey, Lilian Alessa, Sarah M. Wandersee, Paula Williams, E. Jamie Trammell, Jim Powell, Jess Grunblatt, Mark S. Wipfli · 2016 · Sustainability Science
24. Participatory Framework for Assessment and Improvement of Tools (ParFAIT): Increasing the impact and relevance of water management decision support research
    Rebecca M. Smith, Joseph R. Kasprzyk, Lisa Dilling · 2017 · Environmental Modelling & Software
25. Participatory system dynamics modelling for dairy value chain development in Nicaragua
    Helene Lie, Karl M. Rich, Stefan Burkart · 2017 · Development in Practice
26. Participatory flood modelling for negotiation and planning in urban informal settlements
    Joe Mulligan, Vera Bukachi, Rodoula Gregoriou, Nilani Venn, Duncan Ker-Reid, Alan Travers, Benard Juma, Luke Olang · 2019 · Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability
27. Contrasting stakeholder and scientist conceptual models of food-energy-water systems: a case study in Magic Valley, Southern Idaho
    Grace B. Villamor, David L. Griffith, Andrew D Kliskey, Lilian Alessa · 2019 · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling
28. An approach to assess actors’ preferences and social learning to enhance participatory forest management planning
    Marlene Marques, Manuela Oliveira, José G. Borges · 2020 · Trees Forests and People
29. Modelling a ‘business case’ for blue-green infrastructure: lessons from the Water Sensitive Cities Toolkit
    Kefeng Zhang, Ana Deletić, Cintia Brum Siqueira Dotto, Ross Allen, Peter M. Bach · 2020 · Blue-Green Systems
30. Toward Inclusive Landscape Governance in Contested Landscapes: Exploring the Contribution of Participatory Tools in the Upper Suriname River Basin
    Lisa Best, Kimberley Fung‐Loy, Nafiesa Ilahibaks, Sara O.I. Ramirez-Gomez, Erika N. Speelman · 2021 · Environmental Management
31. Deliberative processes for comprehensive evaluation of agroecological models. A review
    G. Bellocchi, M. Rivington, K. Matthews, M. Acutis · 2015 · Agronomy for Sustainable Development
32. Model-based evaluation of ecological bank design and management in the scope of the European Water Framework Directive
    Gert Everaert, Ine S. Pauwels, Pieter Boets, Edwin Verduin, M.A.A. de la Haye, Ciska Blom, Peter L.M. Goethals · 2012 · Ecological Engineering
33. Involving Stakeholders in Building Integrated Fisheries Models Using Bayesian Methods
    Päivi Haapasaari, Samu Mäntyniemi, Sakari Kuikka · 2013 · Environmental Management
34. Optimisation as a process for understanding and managing river ecosystems
    Emily Barbour, Linda Holz, George Kuczera, Carmel Pollino, Anthony J. Jakeman, Daniel Peter Loucks · 2016 · Environmental Modelling & Software
35. Early Engagement of Stakeholders with Individual-Based Modeling Can Inform Research for Improving Invasive Species Management: The Round Goby as a Case Study
    Emma Samson, Philipp Emanuel Hirsch, Stephen C. F. Palmer, Jane W. Behrens, Tomas Brodin, Justin M. J. Travis · 2017 · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
36. Learning on ecosystem services co-production in decision-making from role-playing simulation: Comparative analysis from Southeast Europe
    Elena Gissi, Vito Garramone · 2018 · Ecosystem Services
37. Downscaling Africa’s Drought Forecasts through Integration of Indigenous and Scientific Drought Forecasts Using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
    Muthoni Masinde, Solomon Mwanjele Mwagha, Tsegaye Tadesse · 2018 · Geosciences
38. Forecasting and control of emerging infectious forest disease through participatory modelling
    Devon A. Gaydos, Anna Petrášová, Richard C. Cobb, Ross K. Meentemeyer · 2019 · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
39. Participatory engineering for recovery in post-earthquake Haiti
    Mimí Sheller, Franco Andre Montalto, Heather C. Galada, Patrick L. Gurian, Michael Piasecki, Stephen O'Connor, Tibebu B. Ayalew · 2014 · Engineering Studies
40. A campaign to collect volunteered geographic information and land cover and human impact
    Christoph Perger, Steffen Fritz, Linda See, Christian Schill, Marijn van der Velde, Ian McCallum, Michael H. Obersteiner · 2012 · IIASA PURE (International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis)
41. Bioeconomic multistock reference points as a tool for overcoming the drawbacks of the landing obligation
    Dorleta García, Raúl Prellezo, Paz Sampedro, José María Da Rocha, José Castro, Santiago Cerviño, Javier García-Cutrin, Marı́a-José Gutiérrez · 2016 · ICES Journal of Marine Science
42. Integrated modelling of urban spatial development under uncertain climate futures: A case study in Hungary
    Sen Li, Linda Juhász-Horváth, Simona Pedde, László Pintér, Mark Rounsevell, Paula A. Harrison · 2017 · Environmental Modelling & Software
43. Improving payments for ecosystem services (PES) outcomes through the use of Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) and the software OPTamos
    Nelson Grima, Simron Jit Singh, Barbara Smetschka · 2017 · Ecosystem Services
44. Flood modelling using synthesised citizen science urban streamflow observations
    Maria Clara Fava, Narumi Abe, Camilo Restrepo‐Estrada, Bruno Yuji Lino Kimura, Eduardo Mário Mendiondo · 2018 · Journal of Flood Risk Management
45. Science communication is needed to inform risk perception and action of stakeholders
    Fabrice Réquier, Alice Fournier, Quentin Rome, Éric Darrouzet · 2019 · Journal of Environmental Management
46. A system dynamics model to support marine spatial planning in Algoa Bay, South Africa
    Estee Vermeulen-Miltz, Jai Kumar Clifford-Holmes, Ursula M. Scharler, Amanda Talita Lombard · 2022 · Environmental Modelling & Software
47. Scientific Models and Decision Making
    Eric B. Winsberg, Stephanie S. Harvard · 2024 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
48. Exploring the application of participatory modeling approaches in the Sonora River Basin, Mexico
    A. Robles-Morúa, Kathleen E. Halvorsen, Alex Mayer, Enrique R. Vivoni · 2013 · Environmental Modelling & Software
49. Stakeholder-Informed Ecosystem Modeling of Ocean Warming and Acidification Impacts in the Barents Sea Region
    Stefan Koenigstein, Matthias Rüth, Stefan Gößling‐Reisemann · 2016 · Frontiers in Marine Science
50. Reconciling economic viability and socio-ecological aspirations in London urban microfarms
    Marina Chang, Kévin Morel · 2018 · Agronomy for Sustainable Development
51. Groundwater Modeling with Stakeholders: Finding the Complexity that Matters
    Juan Castilla‐Rho · 2017 · Ground Water
52. Eliciting Model Structures for Multivariate Probabilistic Risk Analysis
    Mark A. Burgman, Hannah Layman, Simon French · 2021 · Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics
53. What Prevents the Adoption of Regenerative Agriculture and What Can We Do about It? Lessons and Narratives from a Participatory Modelling Exercise in Australia
    Daniel C. Kenny, Juan Castilla‐Rho · 2022 · Land
54. Development of a classification and decision-support tool for assessing lake hydromorphology
    John S. Rowan, S.J. Greig, C.T. Armstrong, Deron Smith, Deirdre Tierney · 2011 · Environmental Modelling & Software
55. An Effective Drought Early Warning System for Sub-Saharan Africa
    Muthoni Masinde · 2014 · South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists
56. Estimating the efficiency of complex marine systems in China's coastal regions using a network Data Envelope Analysis model
    Caizhi Sun, Song Wang, Wei Zou, Zeyu Wang · 2017 · Ocean & Coastal Management
57. Grounding Social Foundations for Integrated Assessment Models of Climate Change
    Jean‐Denis Mathias, Marko Debeljak, Guillaume Deffuant, Arnaud Diemer, Florian Dierickx, Jonathan F. Donges, Ganna Gladkykh, Jobst Heitzig, Georg Holtz, Wolfgang Obergassel et al. · 2020 · Earth s Future
58. Dynamic modelling of Australian rooftop solar photovoltaic product stewardship transition
    Hengky Salim, Rodney Anthony Stewart, Oz Sahin, Michael Dudley · 2021 · Waste Management
59. Reconsidering the Effectiveness of Scientific Tools for Negotiating Local Solutions to Conflicts between Recreation and Conservation with Stakeholders
    R. Pouwels, Paul F. M. Opdam, Rene Jochem · 2011 · Ecology and Society
60. Supporting strategic thinking of smallholder dairy farmers using a whole farm simulation tool
    Pierre-Yves Le Gal, Jennifer Bernard, Charles‐Henri Moulin · 2012 · Tropical Animal Health and Production
61. Reasons why some irrigation water users fail to comply with water use regulations: A case study from Queensland, Australia
    Romy Greiner, Leanne Fernandes, Fiona McCartney, Jeanette Durante · 2015 · Land Use Policy
62. Developing an integrated framework to build a decision support tool for urban water management
    Erfan Goharian, Steven John Burian · 2018 · Journal of Hydroinformatics
63. Beach litter forecasting on the south-eastern coast of the Bay of Biscay: A bayesian networks approach
    Igor Granado, O. C. Basurko, A. Rubio, L. Ferrer, Jerónimo Hernández-González, I. Epelde, J. A. Fernandes · 2019 · Continental Shelf Research
64. A Fuzzy Cognitive Map method for integrated and participatory water governance and indicators affecting drinking water supplies
    S. Shahvi, Per‐Erik Mellander, Phil Jordan, Owen S. Fenton · 2020 · The Science of The Total Environment
65. Modelling mixed crop-livestock farms for supporting farmers’ strategic reflections: The CLIFS approach
    Le Gal, P.-Y., Andrieu, N., Bruelle, G., Dugué, P., Monteil, C., Moulin, C.-H., Penot, E., Ryschawy, J. · 2022 · Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
66. Combining agroecology and management science to design field tools under high agrosystem structural or process uncertainty: Lessons from two case studies of grassland management
    Duru, M. · 2013 · Agricultural Systems
67. Species distribution models grounded in ecological theory for decision support in river management
    Elina Bennetsen, Sacha Gobeyn, Peter L.M. Goethals · 2016 · Ecological Modelling
68. Soft sensor design and fault detection using Bayesian network and probabilistic principal component analysis
    Ahad Mohammadi, Reza Zarghami, Dimitri Lefebvre, Shahab Golshan, Navid Mostoufi · 2019 · Journal of Advanced Manufacturing and Processing
69. Developing a Conceptual Model for Sustainable water Resource Management and Agricultural Development: the Case of the Breede River Catchment Area, South Africa
    Yong Sebastian Nyam, Julius H. Kotir, Andries J. Jordaan, Abiodun Akintunde Ogundeji · 2021 · Environmental Management
70. Decarbonising Economies
    Harriet Bulkeley, Johannes Stripple, Lars J Nilsson, Bregje van Veelen, Agni K. Kalfagianni, Fredric Bauer, Mariësse A.E. van Sluisveld · 2022 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
71. Aligning the Global Delta Risk Index with SDG and SFDRR global frameworks to assess risk to socio-ecological systems in river deltas
    Émilie Crémin, Jack O’Connor, Sumana Banerjee, Ly Thi Ha Bui, Abhra Chanda, Hieu Hong Hua, Da Van Huynh, Hue Thi Van Le, Sonia Binte Murshed, Salehin Mashfiqus et al. · 2023 · Sustainability Science
72. A co-design method for including stakeholder perspectives in nature-based flood risk management
    Jill H. Slinger, Scott W. Cunningham, Baukje L. M. Kothuis · 2023 · Natural Hazards
73. Broad analysis of French priority catchment areas: A step toward adaption of the Water Framework Directive?
    F. Barataud, Amandine Durpoix, Catherine Mignolet · 2013 · Land Use Policy
74. Co-click’eau, a participatory method for land-use scenarios in water catchments
    Émilia Chantre, Laurence Guichard, Rémy Ballot, Florence Jacquet, Marie‐Hélène Jeuffroy, Cybill Prigent, Marco S. Barzman · 2016 · Land Use Policy
75. Values in Participatory Modeling: Theory and Practice
    Alexey A. Voinov, Erica J. Brown Gaddis · 2016 · Springer eBooks
76. The challenge of legitimizing spatially differentiated regulation: Experiences from the implementation of the Danish Buffer zone act
    Martin Hvarregaard Thorsøe, Morten Graversgaard, Egon Noe · 2017 · Land Use Policy
77. Novel participatory methods for co-building an agent-based model of physical activity with youth
    Leah Frerichs, Natalie Smith, Jill Kuhlberg, Gretchen Mason, Damie Jackson-Diop, Doris Stith, Giselle M. Corbie-Smith, Kristen Hassmiller Lich · 2020 · PLoS ONE
78. Robust decision making and Epoch–Era analysis: A comparison of two robustness frameworks for decision-making under uncertainty
    Enayat A. Moallemi, Sondoss Elsawah, Michael J. Ryan · 2019 · Technological Forecasting and Social Change
79. Healthcare workers’ perspectives on participatory system dynamics modelling and simulation: designing safe and efficient hospital pharmacy dispensing systems together
    Mohammed Ibrahim Shire, Gyuchan Thomas Jun, Stewart Robinson · 2020 · Ergonomics
80. Exploring farmer perceptions of agroforestry via multi-objective optimisation: a test application in Eastern Panama
    Elizabeth Gosling, Esther Reith, Thomas Knoke, Andrés Gerique, Carola Paul · 2020 · Agroforestry Systems
81. Reflections of two systems ecologists on modelling coupled human and natural (socio-ecological, socio-environmental) systems
    Hsiao‐Hsuan Wang, William E. Grant · 2020 · Ecological Modelling
82. Beyond cattle: potential futures of the pastoral industry in the Northern Territory
    Carlos J. Puig, Romy Greiner, Cindy Huchery, I. Perkins, L. Bowen, Neil French Collier, Stephen Thomas Garnett · 2011 · The Rangeland Journal
83. Decision support for prioritising of land to be preserved for agriculture: Can participatory tool development help?
    Eva Kerselaers, Elke Rogge, Ludwig Lauwers, Guido Van Huylenbroeck · 2014 · Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
84. Acceptability of participatory social network analysis for problem-solving in Australian Aboriginal health service partnerships
    Jeffrey D. Fuller, Wendy Hermeston, Megan Elizabeth Passey, Tony Fallon, Kuda Muyambi · 2012 · BMC Health Services Research
85. An applicability index for reliable and applicable decision trees in water quality modelling
    Gert Everaert, Elina Bennetsen, Peter L.M. Goethals · 2015 · Ecological Informatics
86. Converting Community Knowledge into Catchment Nutrient Limits: A Constructivist Analysis of a New Zealand Collaborative Approach to Water Management
    Ronlyn Duncan · 2013 · Nature and Culture
87. Dealing with the Complexity of Stakeholder Interaction in Participatory Transport Planning
    Michela Le Pira, Giuseppe Inturri, Matteo Ignaccolo, Alessandro Pluchino · 2017 · Advances in intelligent systems and computing
88. Participative Modelling of Socio‐Technical Transitions: Why and How Should We Look Beyond the Case‐Specific Energy Transition Challenge?
    Silvia Ulli‐Beer, Merla Daphne Kubli, Juliana Zapata, Michael Wurzinger, Jörg Musiolik, Bettina Furrer · 2017 · Systems Research and Behavioral Science
89. Eliciting expert knowledge to inform stock status for data-limited stock assessments
    Anna Chrysafi, Jason M. Cope, Anna K. Kuparinen · 2017 · Marine Policy
90. Community modelling: A technique for enhancing local capacity to engage with flood risk management
    Catharina Landström, Matilda Becker, Nicholas A. Odoni, Sarah J. Whatmore · 2018 · Environmental Science & Policy
91. How can models foster the transition towards future agricultural landscapes?
    Sylvain Poggi, Fabrice Vinatier, Mourad Hannachi, Esther Sanz Sanz, Gabrielle Rudi, Patrizia Zamberletti, Philippe Tixier, Julien J. Papaix · 2021 · Advances in ecological research/Advances in Ecological Research
92. A Further Step Towards Participatory Modelling. Fostering Stakeholder Involvement in Designing Models by Using Executable UML
    Pierre Bommel, Francisco Diéguez, Danilo Bartaburu, Emilio Duarte, Esteban Montes, Marcelo Pereira Machín, Jorge Corral, Carlos J. P. de Lucena, Hermes Morales Grosskopf · 2014 · Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation
93. Co-learning during the co-creation of a dengue early warning system for the health sector in Barbados
    Anna M. Stewart Ibarra, Leslie Rollock, Sabu Best, Tia L. Brown, Avriel Díaz, Willy Dunbar, Catherine A. Lippi, Roché Mahon, Sadie J. Ryan, Adrian R. Trotman et al. · 2022 · BMJ Global Health
94. The Role of Community Participation in Sustainable Integrated Water Resources Management: Challenges, Opportunities, and Current Perspectives
    Mohd Akhter Ali, M. Kamraju · 2024 · Water science and technology library
95. An agent-based model of farmer decision making: Application to shared water resources in Arid and semi-arid regions
    Imane El Fartassi, Alice E. Milne, Helen Metcalfe, Rafiq El Alami, Alhousseine Diarra, Vasthi Alonso Chávez, Joanna Zawadzka, Toby Waine, Ron Corstanje · 2025 · Agricultural Water Management
96. Combining an agent-based model, hedonic pricing and multicriteria analysis to model green gentrification dynamics
    Caterina Caprioli, Marta Bottero, Elena De Angelis · 2023 · Computers Environment and Urban Systems
97. Recognizing political influences in participatory social-ecological systems modeling
    T. Lim, P. Glynn, G. Shenk, Patrick Bitterman, J. Guillaume, John C. Little, D. Webster · 2023 · Socio-Environmental Systems Modelling
98. Serious games and citizen science; from parallel pathways to greater synergies
    Erika N. Speelman, Elena Escano, Diego Marcos, Nicolas Bécu · 2023 · Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability
99. Field experiences and lessons learned from applying participatory system dynamics modelling to sustainable water and agri-food systems
    Julius H. Kotir, Renata Jagustović, George Papachristos, Robert B. Zougmoré, Aad Kessler, Martin Reynolds, Mathieu Ouédraogo, Coen J. Ritsema, Ammar Abdul Aziz, Ron William Johnstone · 2023 · Journal of Cleaner Production
100. Design of a data-driven environmental decision support system and testing of stakeholder data-collection
     Jason B. Papathanasiou, Robert Kenward · 2014 · Environmental Modelling & Software