Cited by 172Paleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsGeological and Geochemical AnalysisGeochemistry and Elemental Analysis

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Uranium isotopes distinguish two geochemically distinct stages during the later Cambrian SPICE event

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Dahl, Tais W., Boyle, Richard A., Canfield, Donald E., Connelly, James N., Gill, Benjamin C., Lenton, Timothy M., Bizzarro, Martin·2014·Earth and Planetary Science Letters

DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.043PMC PMC4326682

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Abstract

Anoxic marine zones were common in early Paleozoic oceans (542-400 Ma), and present a potential link to atmospheric pO 2 via feedbacks linking global marine phosphorous recycling, primary production and organic carbon burial. Uranium (U) isotopes in carbonate rocks track the extent of ocean anoxia, whereas carbon (C) and sulfur (S) isotopes track the burial of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur (primary long-term sources of atmospheric oxygen). In combination, these proxies therefore reveal the comparative dynamics of ocean anoxia and oxygen liberation to the atmosphere over million-year time scales. Here we report high-precision uranium isotopic data in marine carbonates deposited during the Late Cambrian 'SPICE' event, at ca. 499 Ma, documenting a well-defined -0.18‰ negative δ238 U excursion that occurs at the onset of the SPICE event's positive δ13 C and δ34 S excursions, but peaks (and tails off) before them. Dynamic modelling shows that the different response of the U reservoir cannot be attributed solely to differences in residence times or reservoir sizes - suggesting that two chemically distinct ocean states occurred within the SPICE event. The first ocean stage involved a global expansion of euxinic waters, triggering the spike in U burial, and peaking in conjunction with a well-known trilobite extinction event. During the second stage widespread euxinia waned, causing U removal to tail off, but enhanced organic carbon and pyrite burial continued, coinciding with evidence for severe sulfate depletion in the oceans (Gill et al., 2011). We discuss scenarios for how an interval of elevated pyrite and organic carbon burial could have been sustained without widespread euxinia in the water column (both non-sulfidic anoxia and/or a more oxygenated ocean state are possibilities). Either way, the SPICE event encompasses two different stages of elevated organic carbon and pyrite burial maintained by high nutrient fluxes to the ocean, and potentially sustained by internal marine geochemical feedbacks.

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Authors: Dahl, T. W., Boyle, R. A., Canfield, D. E., Connelly, J. N., Gill, B. C., Lenton, T. M., & Bizzarro, M.
Affiliations: University of Copenhagen (DK)
University of Southern Denmark (DK)
Virginia Tech (US)
University of Exeter (GB)
Corresponding author: Dahl, Tais W.
ORCID: Dahl, Tais W.
Boyle, Richard A.
Canfield, Donald E.
Connelly, James N.
Gill, Benjamin C.
Lenton, Timothy M.
Bizzarro, Martin
Venue: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-09
Volume: 401
Pages: 313-326
ISSN: 0012-821X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.043
PMC: PMC4326682
OpenAlex: W2067022994
Cited by: 172
References: 86
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 1
FWCI: 8.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Earth and Planetary Science Letters (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (EAR-0418270, EAR-0719911)
Villum Foundation (VKR023127)
Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF-53, DNRF97)
European Research Council (616027-STARDUST2ASTEROIDS)
ERC
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Keywords: uranium isotopes, Late Cambrian, ocean anoxia, euxinia, organic carbon burial, atmospheric oxygenation, carbon isotopes, sulfur isotopes, sulfate depletion, paleo-oxygenation

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Uranium isotopes distinguish two geochemically distinct stages during the later Cambrian SPICE event

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