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Nested cross-validation when selecting classifiers is overzealous for most practical applications
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wainer, J., & Cawley, G.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) (BR)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wainer, Jacques
- Venue
- Expert Systems with Applications
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-11
- Volume
- 182
- Pages
- 115222
- ISSN
- 0957-4174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2892606308
- Cited by
- 309
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 63 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 14
- FWCI
- 14.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Expert Systems with Applications (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Machine Learning and Data Classification
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Data Mining and Machine Learning Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques
- Keywords
- nested cross-validation, classifier selection, hyperparameter optimization, algorithm selection, binary classification, bias-variance trade-off, computational cost
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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