Phase II Study of Oxaliplatin and Gemcitabine Salvage Chemotherapy in Patients with Cisplatin-Refractory Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor

Abstract

Objective Cisplatin-refractory germ cell tumors (GCTs) represent a subset of germinal neoplasms with a poor prognosis. Conventional-dose chemotherapy induces objective response in 10-20% of these patients with rare durable complete remissions. We investigated the activity and tolerance of a chemotherapeutic regimen with oxaliplatin and gemcitabine. Patients and methods Treatment consisted of oxaliplatin 130 mg/m(2) day 1, and gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m(2), days 1 and 8, every three weeks. Results Eighteen patients were enrolled and were assessable for response and toxicity. Primary site was testis in twelve cases, retroperitoneum in four, and mediastinum in two. Seven patients (39%) were cisplatin-refractory, while eleven (61%) absolutely cisplatin-refractory. A median of three cycles (range, 1-6) per patient were given. One patient achieved a clinical complete remission, one a partial remission with negative marker in whom complete surgical resection of residual masses yielded mature teratoma only, and one a partial remission with positive marker in whom complete surgical resection of residual masses yielded viable tumor cells. These three cases were characterized by testicular primary embryonal carcinoma. They remained disease-free at 44+, 20+, and 18+ months of follow-up. Conclusion The oxaliplatin-gemcitabine combination is a safe and active standard-dose regimen for patients with cisplatin-refractory testicular primary GCT.