Relation of aging and sex hormones to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease
Abstract
Several factors such as age, gender, race, lifestyle and diet, contribute to the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, which has become the new epidemic of this century. They also contribute to the prevalence, age of appearance and outcome of cardiovascular disease, which is the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in men and women worldwide. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and type-2 diabetes, among other diseases. In this paper we analyze from a pathogenetic point of view, two of the factors which contribute to the increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: age and gender. The gender variations are a consequence of the different rate of decrease of sexual hormones in males and females and of the protective roles they play during adulthood and older age phases.
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The altered hormonal profile associated with aging plays a critical role in the onset of many metabolic complications of advancing age.
“It has been suggested that the altered hormonal profile that is associated with aging plays a critical role in the onset of many metabolic complications that also come with advancing age.9”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
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References 70 · Cited by 102
- Authors
- Guarner-Lans, V., Rubio-Ruiz, M. E., Pérez-Torres, I., & Baños de MacCarthy, G.
- Affiliations
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología (MX)
- Venue
- Experimental Gerontology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 517-523
- ISSN
- 0531-5565 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2000215893
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- aging, sex hormones, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, sex differences, gender differences, menopause, androgens, estrogen, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glucose, Humans, Hypertension, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Inflammation, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Obesity, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Sex Factors, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Sympathetic Nervous System, Metabolic Syndrome
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