New translational perspectives for blood-based biomarkers of PTSD: From glucocorticoid to immune mediators of stress susceptibility
Open accessAbstract
Although biological systems have evolved to promote stress-resilience, there is variation in stress-responses. Understanding the biological basis of such individual differences has implications for understanding Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) etiology, which is a maladaptive response to trauma occurring only in a subset of vulnerable individuals. PTSD involves failure to reinstate physiological homeostasis after traumatic events and is due to either intrinsic or trauma-related alterations in physiological systems across the body. Master homeostatic regulators that circulate and operate throughout the organism, such as stress hormones (e.g., glucocorticoids) and immune mediators (e.g., cytokines), are at the crossroads of peripheral and central susceptibility pathways and represent promising functional biomarkers of stress-response and target for novel therapeutics.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
HPA axis dysregulation in ELS/CT affects GR-mediated transcriptional and post-transcriptional responses of immune-related genes with lower recovery ability.
“On the other hand, HPA axis dysregulation in ELS/CT affects GR-mediated transcriptional and post-transcriptional responses of immune-related genes with lower recovery ability (89, 207).”
From Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation (2019) · cites this paper as [207]
In “Glucocorticoids (GCs) and peripheral inflammation in PTSD” (page unavailable), the paper says low glucocorticoid tone in PTSD compromises GR-mediated transcriptional responses of stress-sensitive genes, resulting in a lack of recovery from stress-induced alterations. It also links early trauma to possible HPA-axis vulnerability, but does not establish the claimed post-transcriptional effects or specifically show this recovery mechanism in people with early-life stress or childhood trauma. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHPA axis dysfunction is strongly implicated in the etiopathology of affective disorders.
“HPA axis dysfunction is strongly implicated in the etiopathology of affective disorders (93–95)”
From Higher Circulating Cortisol in the Follicular vs. Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle: A Meta-Analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [93]
The “Glucocorticoids (GCs) and peripheral inflammation in PTSD” section says converging data make HPA-axis functioning relevant to the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders, and describes HPA-axis changes in PTSD. It does not establish the broader claim about affective disorders as a group or state that HPA-axis dysfunction is strongly implicated in their etiopathology. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 95 · Cited by 105
- Authors
- Daskalakis, N. P., Cohen, H., Nievergelt, C. M., Baker, D. G., Buxbaum, J. D., Russo, S. J., & Yehuda, R.
- Affiliations
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center (US)
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Daskalakis, Nikolaos P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Experimental Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-10
- Volume
- 284
- Issue
- Pt B
- Pages
- 133-140
- ISSN
- 0014-4886 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5056828
- OpenAlex
- W2493197369
- Semantic Scholar
- 9346e2da7a2619227e0433db338e598f1cf473f1
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 11
- FWCI
- 1.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Experimental Neurology (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (W81XWH-08-2-0021, W81XWH-13-1-0071)
- Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (NARSAD 23670)
- US National Institute of Mental Health (RO1 MH090264, RO1 MH104559)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, blood-based biomarkers, glucocorticoids, stress hormones, immune mediators, cytokines, stress resilience, individual differences in stress response, trauma vulnerability, translational research
- MeSH terms
- Disease Susceptibility, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Biomarkers, Cytokines
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
