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Air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating deep eutectic solvents for the simultaneous determination of bisphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tea infusions via HPLC
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of green "designer solvent"; its physicochemical properties can be easily tuned by adjusting DES' constituents, chemical ratio and water content. In this study, three hydrophobic DESs with low viscosity, low density, and melting points close to room temperature were designed and synthesized. Based on these DESs, an air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction technique was developed based on the solidification of floating DESs for the simultaneous determination of bisphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) via HPLC. The microextraction parameters were optimized via the Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodologies. The method shows satisfactory linearity (R 2 ≥ 0.9928), a low limit of detection (0.16-0.75 μg L-1) and satisfactory precision (≤2.3%), and was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of bisphenols and PAHs from tea infusions with satisfactory recoveries (82.0-116.6%). This method is simple, rapid, economical, environmentally compatible, dispersive solvent-frees and centrifugation-free, and has promising applications in food safety.
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“Solidification-based approaches, such as DLLME-SFOD and floating organic drop microextraction, overcome a key limitation of liquid-phase microextraction techniques, particularly the difficulty associated with post-extraction solvent recovery [49,57,60,62,69,80,85,97].”
From Eco-Friendly Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Extraction Technologies: A Comprehensive Review of Principles, Applications, and Comparative Insights (2026) · cites this paper as [60]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, K., Wang, Y., Li, S., & Zhu, G.
- Affiliations
- Henan Normal University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Kaige
- Zhu, Guifen
- Venue
- Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 348
- Pages
- 129106
- ISSN
- 0308-8146 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3123470850
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9
- FWCI
- 6.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › Ionic liquids properties and applications
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Keywords
- air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction, deep eutectic solvents, bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tea infusion, food safety, green solvents, simultaneous determination, HPLC
- MeSH terms
- Bisphenol A Compounds, Air, Benzhydryl Compounds, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Food Analysis, Food Contamination, Phenols, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Solvents, Tea, Viscosity, Water, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Physical Phenomena, Limit of Detection, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Liquid Phase Microextraction
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