Forest environmental incomes and the rural poor

An early synthesis of 54 studies estimated an average forest income contribution of 22%.

“An early synthesis of 54 studies estimated an average forest income contribution of 22%—the third most important income source after off-farm activities (38%), and agriculture (crops and livestock combined) (37%) (Vedeld, Angelsen, Bojö, Sjaastad, & Berg, 2007; Vedeld et al., 2004).”

Environmental income is more important to less-educated households.

“In general, we find support for environmental income being more important to households with young household heads (c.f. McElwee, 2008), to large households (in contrast to Mamo et al., 2007 who found the opposite in their case study), and to less-educated households (e.g., Babulo et al., 2008; Mamo et al., 2007; Vedeld et al., 2007).”