S-Nitrosothiols: cellular formation and transport
Abstract
This review will focus on the transport and intracellular formation of S-nitrosothiols in cell culture models. The major points made in this article are: (1) S-Nitrosothiols are actively metabolized by cells. (2) S-Nitrosothiols affect cells in ways distinctly different from those of nitric oxide and can act through mechanisms that do not involve the intermediacy of nitric oxide. (3) Some S-nitrosothiols (S-nitrosocysteine, S-nitrosohomocysteine) can be taken up into cells via amino acid transport system L, whereas others (S-nitrosoglutathione, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine) are not directly transported, but require the presence of cysteine and/or cystine before the nitroso functional group is transported. (4) Proteomic detection of intracellular S-nitrosothiols is currently possible only if cells are loaded with high levels of S-nitrosothiols, and methodological advances are required in order to examine the S-nitrosated proteome after exposure of cells to physiological levels of nitric oxide.
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In transnitrosation, the nitroso group can be transferred among thiols on proteins and low molecular weight peptides such as glutathione.
“2) In transnitrosation, once formed, the nitroso group can be transferred among thiols on proteins and low molecular weight peptides such as glutathione.”
From What Part of NO Don't You Understand? Some Answers to the Cardinal Questions in Nitric Oxide Biology (2010) · cites this paper as [45]
NO can promote S-nitrosation by four basic mechanisms.
“NO can promote S-nitrosation by four basic mechanisms (45).”
From What Part of NO Don't You Understand? Some Answers to the Cardinal Questions in Nitric Oxide Biology (2010) · cites this paper as [45]
The fourth mechanism of RSNO formation is transfer of the nitroso group from metal nitrosyls in a reaction that may not involve O2.
“4) The fourth mechanism of RSNO formation is transfer of the nitroso group from metal nitrosyls in a reaction that may not involve O2.”
From What Part of NO Don't You Understand? Some Answers to the Cardinal Questions in Nitric Oxide Biology (2010) · cites this paper as [45]
In radical-radical reactions, thiyl radicals on glutathione and proteins can react with NO to form S-nitrosoglutathione and S-nitrosated proteins.
“1) In radical-radical reactions, thiyl radicals on glutathione and proteins can react with NO to form S-nitrosoglutathione and S-nitrosated proteins.”
From What Part of NO Don't You Understand? Some Answers to the Cardinal Questions in Nitric Oxide Biology (2010) · cites this paper as [45]
Proteins may be S-nitrosated by N2O3, which is formed from the reaction of NO with O2.
“3) Proteins may also be S-nitrosated by N2O3, which is formed from the reaction of NO with O2.”
From What Part of NO Don't You Understand? Some Answers to the Cardinal Questions in Nitric Oxide Biology (2010) · cites this paper as [45]
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References 57 · Cited by 257
- Authors
- Zhang, Y., & Hogg, N.
- Affiliations
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hogg, Neil
- Venue
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-04
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 831-838
- ISSN
- 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2081376324
- Cited by
- 257
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 1.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM55792)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Sulfur Compounds in Biology
- Keywords
- S-nitrosothiols, S-nitrosocysteine, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, cysteine, cystine, cell culture model
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Transport, Cells, Cultured, Humans, S-Nitrosothiols, Rats
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