Carbonate-radical-anions, and not hydroxyl radicals, are the products of the Fenton reaction in neutral solutions containing bicarbonate
Abstract
The Fenton reaction, Fe(H 2 O)62+ + H 2 O 2 → Oxidizing product, is of major importance in biology as the major cause of oxidative stress, and in advanced oxidation processes. It is commonly assumed that ·OH is the product of the Fenton reaction. The results presented herein point out that ·OH is indeed the oxidizing product in acidic solutions for [Fe(H 2 O)62+] > [H 2 O 2]; Fe IVaq is the active oxidizing product in neutral solutions; in slightly acidic solutions for [H 2 O 2] > [Fe(H 2 O)62+] a mixture of ·OH and Fe IVaq is formed. However CO 3·- is the active oxidizing product in neutral solutions containing HCO 3- even at low concentrations, i.e. under physiological conditions. The implications to our understanding of the origins of oxidative stress and of catalytic oxidations in advanced oxidation processes are discussed.
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In neutral pH, metals (Fe or Cu) interact with carbonate and hydroperoxides resulting in carbonate radical anion CO3·−, which may dominate over hydroxyl radicals when bicarbonate concentration is higher than 100 μM.
“In the course of this reaction, in neutral pH, metals (Fe or Cu) interact with carbonate and hydroperoxides resulting in the formation of carbonate radical anion CO3·−, which may dominate over the hydroxyl radicals when the concentration of bicarbonate is higher than 100 µM.”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Illes et al. 2019
Hydroxyl radicals originating from the Fenton reaction might not be the main product when a physiological concentration of bicarbonate is present.
“Interestingly, it has recently been reported that the hydroxyl radicals originating from the Fenton reaction might not be the main product when a physiological concentration of bicarbonate is present in the system (Illes et al. 2019).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Illes et al. 2019
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References 39 · Cited by 129
- Authors
- Illés, E., Mizrahi, A., Marks, V., & Meyerstein, D.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety (HU)
- Shimon Peres Negev Nuclear Research Center (IL)
- Ariel University (IL)
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Meyerstein, Dan
- Venue
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 131
- Pages
- 1-6
- ISSN
- 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2900967800
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- PAZY Foundation
- Ariel University
- Ministry of Aliyah and Integration
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Advanced oxidation water treatment
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Free Radicals and Antioxidants
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Metal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Fenton reaction, carbonate radical anion, hydroxyl radicals, bicarbonate, neutral pH, oxidative stress, advanced oxidation processes
- MeSH terms
- Carbonates, Catalysis, Hydrogen Peroxide, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Iron, Kinetics, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Oxidation-Reduction, Solutions, Hydroxyl Radical
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