An integrative review of historical technology and countermeasure usage trends in online child sexual exploitation material offenders
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Targeted chats can be used to target under-aged online users (minors and children) for sexual favors and abuse.
“Targeted chats can be used to spread hatred [7], manipulate the victim for propaganda, coordinate criminal or terrorist activities [1,2,8], radicalization, and in the worst of scenarios to target under-aged online users (minors and children) for sexual favors and abuse [9,10].”
From Online grooming detection: A comprehensive survey of child exploitation in chat logs (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Beyond PICO: The SPIDER Tool for Qualitative Evidence Synthesis
Cooke, A., Smith, D., & Booth, A. (2012) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732312452938 · Cited by 2,608 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Online grooming detection: A comprehensive survey of child exploitation in chat logs
Borj, P. R., Raja, K., & Bours, P. (2023) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2022.110039 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Lawless space theory for online child sexual exploitation material offending
Steel, C. M. S., Newman, E., O’Rourke, S., & Quayle, E. (2023) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2022.101809 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Steel, C. M. S., Newman, E., O’Rourke, S., & Quayle, E.
- Affiliations
- George Mason University (US)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Steel, Chad M.S.
- Venue
- Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 33
- Pages
- 300971
- ISSN
- 2666-2817 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3016872658
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 5.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Forensic Science International Digital Investigation (publishedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Digital and Cyber Forensics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- child sexual exploitation material, online child sexual exploitation, countermeasures, electronic bulletin board systems, Usenet, email, video content, technology adoption, risk assessment tools, digital evidence collection
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review