Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,122

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 109 of the 109 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Biomass combustion in fluidized bed boilers: Potential problems and remedies

Khan, A.A., de Jong, W., Jansens, P.J., Spliethoff, H.·2009·Fuel Processing Technology
DOI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.07.012
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.07.012

Cites

109 of 109 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 109 references

Research works printed but not linked: 71

  1. Faaij, 2004, Biomass combustion, Encyclopedia of Energy, 1, 175, 10.1016/B0-12-176480-X/00355-7 · doi:10.1016/b0-12-176480-x/00355-7
  2. A.P.C. Faaij. Encyclopedia of Energy: Academic Press–Elsevier Sciences; 2004.
  3. Hamelinck, 2006, Production of advanced biofuels, International Sugar Journal, 108, 168
  4. Johansson, 1996, Options for reducing CO2 emissions from the energy supply sector, Energy Policy, 24, 985, 10.1016/S0301-4215(96)80362-4 · doi:10.1016/s0301-4215(96)80362-4
  5. Faaij, 1998, Externalities of biomass based electricity production compared with power generation from coal in the Netherlands, Biomass & Bioenergy, 14, 125, 10.1016/S0961-9534(97)10005-8 · doi:10.1016/s0961-9534(97)10005-8
  6. Williams, 1992, Fuel from biomass, Chemical & Engineering News, 70, 3-3
  7. Faaij, 1997, Characteristics and availability of biomass waste and residues in the Netherlands for gasification, Biomass & Bioenergy, 12, 225, 10.1016/S0961-9534(97)00003-2 · doi:10.1016/s0961-9534(97)00003-2
  8. Williams, 2000, The combustion of coal and some other solid fuels, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 28, 2141, 10.1016/S0082-0784(00)80624-4 · doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(00)80624-4
  9. Fahlstedt I, Lindman EK, Lindberg T, Anderson T. Co-firing of biomass and coal in a pressurized fluidized bed combined cycle: results of pilot scale studies. In: Preto FDS, editor. 14th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. Vancouver, Canada: New York: ASME; 1997, p. 294–300.
  10. Baxter, 1997, The effects of fuel-bound chlorine and alkali on corrosion initiation, Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 214, 44
  11. Leckner, 1998, Fluidized bed combustion: mixing and pollutant limitation, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 24, 31, 10.1016/S0360-1285(97)00021-X · doi:10.1016/s0360-1285(97)00021-x
  12. Leckner, 1992, Optimization of emissions from fluidized-bed boilers, International Journal of Energy Research, 16, 351, 10.1002/er.4440160502 · doi:10.1002/er.4440160502
  13. Mastral, 1995, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from fluidized-bed combustion of coal, Fuel, 74, 1762, 10.1016/0016-2361(95)80004-2 · doi:10.1016/0016-2361(95)80004-2
  14. Mastral, 1996, Assessment of PAH emissions as a function of coal combustion variables, Fuel, 75, 1533, 10.1016/0016-2361(96)00120-2 · doi:10.1016/0016-2361(96)00120-2
  15. Chagger, 2000, The formation of VOC, PAH and dioxins during incineration, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 78, 53, 10.1205/095758200530457 · doi:10.1205/095758200530457
  16. Badger, 1962, Mode of formation of carcinogens in human environment, National Cancer Institute Monographs, 9
  17. Frenklach, 1991, Detailed modeling of soot particle nucleation and growth, Proceedings of Combustion Institute, 23, 1559, 10.1016/S0082-0784(06)80426-1 · doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(06)80426-1
  18. Lindstedt, 2001, Thermodynamic and kinetic issues in the formation and oxidation of aromatic species, Faraday Discussions, 119, 409, 10.1039/b104056c · doi:10.1039/b104056c
  19. Mastral, 2000, Toxic organic emissions from coal combustion, Fuel Processing Technology, 67, 1, 10.1016/S0378-3820(00)00088-6 · doi:10.1016/s0378-3820(00)00088-6
  20. Addink, 1991, Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins dibenzofurans in the carbon fly-ash system, Chemosphere, 23, 1205, 10.1016/0045-6535(91)90145-4 · doi:10.1016/0045-6535(91)90145-4
  21. Addink, 1995, Mechanisms of formation and destruction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in heterogeneous systems, Environmental Science & Technology, 29, 1425, 10.1021/es00006a002 · doi:10.1021/es00006a002
  22. Halonen, 1993, Formation of organic chlorinated compounds in incineration of pulp and paper-mill biosludges, Chemosphere, 27, 1253, 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90172-2 · doi:10.1016/0045-6535(93)90172-2
  23. Anthony, 2001, Dioxin and furan formation in FBC boilers, Environmental Science & Technology, 35, 3002, 10.1021/es001918t · doi:10.1021/es001918t
  24. Altwicker, 1993, Formation of precursors to chlorinated dioxin furans under heterogeneous conditions, Combustion Science and Technology, 88, 349, 10.1080/00102209308947244 · doi:10.1080/00102209308947244
  25. Babushok, 2003, Gas-phase mechanism for dioxin formation, Chemosphere, 51, 1023, 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00716-6 · doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00716-6
  26. Stieglitz, 1989, Carbonaceous particles in fly-ash — a source for the de-novo-synthesis of organochlorocompounds, Chemosphere, 19, 283, 10.1016/0045-6535(89)90325-1 · doi:10.1016/0045-6535(89)90325-1
  27. Fangmark, 1993, Influence of combustion parameters on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, benzenes, and biphenyls and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in a pilot incinerator, Environmental Science & Technology, 27, 1602, 10.1021/es00045a016 · doi:10.1021/es00045a016
  28. Addink, 1995, Influence of HCl and Cl2 on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans in a carbon/fly ash mixture, Environmental Science & Technology, 29, 2055, 10.1021/es00008a026 · doi:10.1021/es00008a026
  29. Altwicker, 1996, Relative rates of formation of polychlorinated dioxins and furans from precursor and de novo reactions, Chemosphere, 33, 1897, 10.1016/0045-6535(96)00312-8 · doi:10.1016/0045-6535(96)00312-8
  30. Milligan, 1995, Mechanistic aspects of the de-novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans in fly-ash from experiments using isotopically labeled reagents, Environmental Science & Technology, 29, 1353, 10.1021/es00005a030 · doi:10.1021/es00005a030
  31. Lavric, 2005, Modeling the formation of precursors of dioxins during combustion of woody fuel volatiles, Fuel, 84, 323, 10.1016/j.fuel.2004.09.012 · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2004.09.012
  32. Gullett, 2000, The role of chlorine in dioxin formation, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 78, 47, 10.1205/095758200530448 · doi:10.1205/095758200530448
  33. Ishikawa, 1997, Influence of combustion conditions on dioxin in an industrial-scale fluidized-bed incinerator: experimental study and statistical modelling, Chemosphere, 35, 465, 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00112-4 · doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00112-4
  34. Zhong, 2006, Experimental research on emission and removal of dioxins in flue gas from a co-combustion of MSW and coal incinerator, Waste Management, 26, 580, 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.06.002 · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2005.06.002
  35. Lackner, 2004, Carbon conversion of solid fuels in the freeboard of a laboratory-scale fluidized bed combustor-application of in situ laser spectroscopy, Fuel, 83, 1289, 10.1016/j.fuel.2003.12.012 · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2003.12.012
  36. Khan, 2007, A fluidized bed combustion model with discretized population balance. 1. Sensitivity Analysis, Energy and Fuels, 24, 2346, 10.1021/ef060322+ · doi:10.1021/ef060322+
  37. Tewksbury C. Wood combustion and NO, formation control. In: Klass DL, editor. Energy from Biomass and Wastes XV Chicago, IL: Institute of Gas Technology & Elsevier Applied Science; 1991, p. 95–129.
  38. Amand, 1991, Influence of fuel on the emission of nitrogen-oxides (NO and N2O) from an 8-MWth fluidized-bed boiler, Combustion and Flame, 84, 181, 10.1016/0010-2180(91)90047-F · doi:10.1016/0010-2180(91)90047-f
  39. Lyngfelt, 1999, Combustion of wood-chips in circulating fluidized bed boilers — NO and CO emissions as functions of temperature and air-staging, Fuel, 78, 1065, 10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00006-X · doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(99)00006-x
  40. Loffler, 2002, Catalytic effect of biomass ash on CO, CH4 and HCN oxidation under fluidized bed combustor conditions, Fuel, 81, 711, 10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00203-4 · doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(01)00203-4
  41. Lu, 1995, Control of NOx and N2O in pressurized fluidized-bed combustion, Fuel, 74, 317, 10.1016/0016-2361(95)93462-M · doi:10.1016/0016-2361(95)93462-m
  42. Werther, 2000, Combustion of agricultural residues, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 26, 1, 10.1016/S0360-1285(99)00005-2 · DOI · Paper page
  43. Jensen, 1995, Formation and reduction of NOx in pressurized fluidized-bed combustion of coal, Fuel, 74, 1555, 10.1016/0016-2361(95)00155-X · doi:10.1016/0016-2361(95)00155-x
  44. Johnsson, 1996, Modeling N2O reduction and decomposition in a circulating fluidized bed boiler, Energy & Fuels, 10, 970, 10.1021/ef950253r · doi:10.1021/ef950253r
  45. Kaynak, 2005, Peach and apricot stone combustion in a bubbling fluidized bed, Fuel Processing Technology, 86, 1175, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.12.007 · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.12.007
  46. Klein, 1994, N2O and NOx formation during coal and char combustion in a fluidized bed, VGB Kraftwerktechnik, 74, 1072
  47. Johnsson, 1994, Formation and reduction of nitrogen-oxides in fluidized-bed combustion, Fuel, 73, 1398, 10.1016/0016-2361(94)90055-8 · doi:10.1016/0016-2361(94)90055-8
  48. Amand, 1993, Formation of N2O in a circulating fluidized-bed combustor, Energy & Fuels, 7, 1097, 10.1021/ef00042a057 · doi:10.1021/ef00042a057
  49. Amand, 1994, Reduction of N2O in a circulating fluidized-bed combustor, Fuel, 73, 1389, 10.1016/0016-2361(94)90054-X · doi:10.1016/0016-2361(94)90054-x
  50. Lyngfelt, 1995, Obtaining Low N2O, NO, and SO2 emissions from circulating fluidized-bed boilers by reversing the air staging conditions, Energy & Fuels, 9, 386, 10.1021/ef00050a027 · doi:10.1021/ef00050a027
  51. Gustavsson, 1995, Abatement of N2O emissions from circulating fluidized-bed combustion through afterburning, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 34, 1419, 10.1021/ie00043a050 · doi:10.1021/ie00043a050
  52. Lyngfelt, 1996, Methods for reducing the emission of nitrous oxide from fluidized bed combustion, Energy Conversion and Management, 37, 1297, 10.1016/0196-8904(95)00336-3 · doi:10.1016/0196-8904(95)00336-3
  53. Xie, 1999, Interaction between emissions of SO2 and HCl in fluidized bed combustors, Fuel, 78, 1425, 10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00070-8 · doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(99)00070-8
  54. Fuertes, 1992, Sulfur retention by ash during fluidized-bed combustion of bituminous coals, Fuel, 71, 507, 10.1016/0016-2361(92)90147-G · doi:10.1016/0016-2361(92)90147-g
  55. Mulligan, 1989, The mechanism of the sulfation of limestone by sulfur-dioxide in the presence of oxygen, Journal of the Institute of Energy, 62, 40
  56. Khan, 1999, Reduction of SO2 emissions by ammonia gas during staged combustion, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 55, 347, 10.1023/A:1005938404662 · doi:10.1023/a:1005938404662
  57. Khan, 1997, Reduction of SO2 emissions from a fluidized bed under staged combustion by fine limestone, Environment International, 23, 227, 10.1016/S0160-4120(97)00009-3 · doi:10.1016/s0160-4120(97)00009-3
  58. Miccio, 2001, The influence of SO2 level and operating conditions on NOx and N2O emissions during fluidised bed combustion of coals, Fuel, 80, 1555, 10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00029-1 · doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(01)00029-1
  59. Baxter, 1993, Ash deposition during biomass and coal combustion — a mechanistic approach, Biomass & Bioenergy, 4, 85, 10.1016/0961-9534(93)90031-X · DOI · Paper page
  60. Stringer, 1977, High-temperature corrosion in fluidized-bed combustors, Mechanical Engineering, 99, 91-91
  61. Dayton, 1999, Effect of coal minerals on chlorine and alkali metals released during biomass/coal cofiring, Energy & Fuels, 13, 1203, 10.1021/ef9900841 · doi:10.1021/ef9900841
  62. Gluckman, 1976, Defluidization characteristics of sticky materials on agglomerating bed, Fluidization Technology, 2, 395
  63. Dawson, 1992, Bed material cohesion and loss of fluidization during fluidized bed combustion of midwestern coal, Fuel, 71, 585, 10.1016/0016-2361(92)90158-K · doi:10.1016/0016-2361(92)90158-k
  64. Wiinikka, 2004, Experimental investigations of the influence from different operating conditions on the particle emissions from a small-scale pellets combustor, Biomass & Bioenergy, 27, 645, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2003.08.020 · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2003.08.020
  65. Lind, 1999, Volatilization of the heavy metals during circulating fluidized bed combustion of forest residue, Environmental Science & Technology, 33, 496, 10.1021/es9802596 · doi:10.1021/es9802596
  66. Kaufmann, 1999, Formation and behaviour of chlorine compounds during biomass combustion, Gefahrstoffe Reinhaltung Der Luft, 59, 267
  67. Obernberger, 2004, Physical characterization and chemical composition of densified biomass fuels with regard to their combustion behaviour, Biomass and Bioenergy, 27, 653, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2003.07.006 · DOI · Paper page
  68. Zimmermannova, 2001, Mercury, cadmium, lead and copper contents in fruiting bodies of selected edible mushrooms in contaminated Middle Spis region, Slovakia, Ekologia-Bratislava, 20, 440
  69. Jarup, 1998, Health effects of cadmium exposure — a review of the literature and a risk estimate — preface, Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health, 24
  70. Demirbas, 2005, Heavy metal contents of fly ashes from selected biomass samples, Energy Sources, 27, 1269, 10.1080/009083190519384 · doi:10.1080/009083190519384
  71. Uberoi, 1993, Aluminosilicates as potential sorbents for controlling metal emissions, ACS Symposium Series, 515, 214, 10.1021/bk-1992-0515.ch017 · doi:10.1021/bk-1992-0515.ch017

Cited by

See all 1,122

Metadata

Authors
Khan, A. A., de Jong, W., Jansens, P. J., & Spliethoff, H.
Venue
Fuel Processing Technology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-01
Volume
90
Issue
1
Pages
21-50
ISSN
0378-3820 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.07.012
OpenAlex
W1970143525
Cited by
1,122
References
109
FWCI
18.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Biomass combustion in fluidized bed boilers: Potential problems and remedies. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.07.012
The paper
Khan, A. A., de Jong, W., Jansens, P. J., & Spliethoff, H. (2009). Biomass combustion in fluidized bed boilers: Potential problems and remedies. Fuel Processing Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.07.012

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.