Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystal extracted from ramie fibers by sulfuric acid hydrolysis
Open accessAbstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from ramie fibers through chemical pretreatments accompanied by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The influences of both temperature and hydrolysis time on the properties of CNCs were discussed in the present study. The characterization of CNCs was conducted using FT-IR, XRD, TEM, and TGA. The results showed the characteristics of obtained CNCs were influenced significantly by both temperature and time of hydrolysis. The crystallinity, dimensions, and thermal stability of CNCs were found to reduce by increasing both temperature and reaction time of hydrolysis. The optimal hydrolysis parameters were achieved at 45 °C for 30 min with 58% sulfuric acid to produce CNCs, rod-like particles with a high crystallinity (90.77%), diameter (6.67 nm), length (145.61 nm), and best thermal stability among all CNCs. The obtained CNCs had a higher potential for application of alternative reinforcing fillers in the nanocomposites.
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CNCs extracted via acid hydrolysis typically exhibit higher crystallinity indices of ca. 60-90% due to removal of amorphous regions.
“CNCs extracted via acid hydrolysis typically exhibit higher crystallinity indices (ca. 60–90%) due to removal of amorphous regions [62,63]”
From Nanocellulose-Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid) and Poly(ε-caprolactone) Bio-Nanocomposites: A Review and Future Outlook for Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blend Systems (2025) · cites this paper as [62]
The X-ray diffraction section (page not provided) reports crystallinity indices of 80.32–90.77% for sulfuric-acid-hydrolyzed ramie CNCs and says removal of amorphous components might explain the increase. It does not establish that approximately 60–90% is a typical range for acid-hydrolyzed CNCs generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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References 83 · Cited by 231
- Authors
- Kusmono, Listyanda, R. F., Wildan, M. W., & Ilman, M. N.
- Affiliations
- Universitas Gadjah Mada (ID)
- Venue
- Heliyon
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e05486
- ISSN
- 2405-8440 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7670211
- OpenAlex
- W3098640120
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 51 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 6.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Heliyon (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Kementerian Riset Teknologi Dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia
- Universitas Gadjah Mada
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lignin and Wood Chemistry
- Keywords
- cellulose nanocrystals, ramie fiber, sulfuric acid hydrolysis, hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time, crystallinity, thermal stability, rod-like particles, natural fiber reinforcement, nanocomposites
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