Natural zeolite as a chromium VI removal agent in tannery effluents
Open accessAbstract
This study concerns Cr(VI) removal using zeolites in a batch system for tannery effluent. In the initial stage, natural zeolite (ZN) and synthetic zeolite (ZS) were characterized, obtaining a Si/Al ratio of 4.64 and 1.60, and with predominant clinoptilolite and faujasite phases, the surface area of 9.34 and 25.82 m 2 /g and cation exchange capacity of 84.05 and 188.72 meq/100 g, respectively. Subsequently, ZN and ZS were activated with HCl and NaOH. Through preliminary tests, with a solution of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 , it was determined that the highest Cr(VI) removal for both, ZN and ZS, was with NaOH activation, obtaining 82 and 56% removal, respectively. According to Ecuadorian regulations, the Cr(VI) concentration exceeds the maximum permissible limits on the tannery effluent. For this effluent, it was determined that the highest Cr(VI) removal, 45%, is obtained with 1 g of ZN activated with NaOH and 100 mL of effluent. With ZN-NaOH, removal tests were carried out in a fixed bed with 5, 10, and 20 g of natural zeolite. The natural zeolite also has chromium removal capacity in the bed system, achieving similar removals to those obtained in the batch experiments, but decreasing the treatment time. Thus, both natural and synthetic zeolites can remove Cr(VI) in tannery effluents, achieving this effluent with permissible limits.
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When the Si/Al ratio is higher than 4, the zeolite has a relatively low ion exchange capacity.
“when the Si/Al ratio is higher than 4, zeolite results in a relatively low ion exchange capacity (Álvarez et al. 2021).”
From Fundamental properties and sustainable applications of the natural zeolite clinoptilolite (2024) · cites this paper as Álvarez et al. 2021
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Senila, M., & Cadar, O. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25303 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Fundamental properties and sustainable applications of the natural zeolite clinoptilolite
Grifasi, N., Ziantoni, B., Fino, D., & Piumetti, M. (2024) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-024-33656-5 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“In fact, when the Si/Al ratio is higher than 4, zeolite results in a relatively low ion exchange capacity (Álvarez et al. 2021).”
- Authors
- Álvarez, A. M., Guerrón, D. B., & Montero Calderón, C.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE (EC)
- Venue
- Heliyon
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-09
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e07974
- ISSN
- 2405-8440 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8449171
- OpenAlex
- W3200053493
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Heliyon (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Universidad Central del Ecuador
- Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Chromium effects and bioremediation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Keywords
- hexavalent chromium removal, tannery wastewater, natural zeolite, synthetic zeolites, clinoptilolite, faujasite, zeolite activation, sodium hydroxide activation, fixed-bed adsorption, heavy metal removal, wastewater treatment
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