Association between hopelessness and job burnout among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic: the mediating role of career calling and the moderating role of social isolation

Abstract

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased workload and work pressure on nurses owing to the unpredictable changes during this challenging situation. Herein, we explored the relationship between hopelessness and job burnout in nurses working in China against the backdrop of the COVID-19 outbreak. Method This was a cross-sectional study involving 1216 nurses in two hospitals in Anhui Province. The data was collected using an online survey. The mediation and moderation model was constructed, and the data was analyzed using SPSS PROCESS macro software. Results Our results showed that the nurses had an average job burnout score of 1.75 ± 0.85. Further analysis revealed a negative correlation between hopelessness and career calling ( r = −0.551, P < 0.01) and a positive correlation between hopelessness and job burnout ( r = 0.133, P < 0.01). Additionally, a negative correlation was demonstrated between career calling and job burnout ( r = −0.138, P < 0.01). Moreover, career calling strongly mediated (by 40.9%) the relationship between hopelessness and job burnout in the nurses. Finally, social isolation in the nurses was a moderating factor for the association between hopelessness and job burnout ( β = 0.028, t = 2.851, P < 0.01). Conclusion Burnout severity in nurses increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Career calling mediated the relationship between hopelessness and burnout, with greater burnout levels in nurses who experienced social isolation. Therefore, we suggest that job burnout in nurses can be improved by mitigating the effects of hopelessness and social isolation through psychological interventions and enhancing their sense of career calling through education to strengthen their professional identity.