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Association between incomplete surgical ligation of left atrial appendage and stroke and systemic embolization
Abstract
Background Surgical exclusion of the left atrial appendage (LAA) can frequently yield incomplete closure.Objective We evaluated the ischemic stroke/systemic embolization (SSE) risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and complete LAA closure (cLAA) vs incompletely surgically ligated LAA (ISLL) and LAA stump after surgical suture ligation.Methods Seventy-two patients (CHA2DS2-VASc score 4.1 ± 1.9) underwent surgical LAA ligation in conjunction with mitral valve/AF surgery and postoperative LAA evaluation using computerized tomographic angiography.Results Overall, cLAA was detected in 46 of 72 patients (64%), ISLL in 17 patients (24%), and LAA stump in 9 patients (12%). The incidences of oral anticoagulation (OAC) and recurrent AF were similar among the 3 groups during 44 ± 19 months of follow-up. SSE occurred in 2% of patients with cLAA vs 24% with ISLL and 0% with LAA stump (P = .006). None of the patients with SSE were receiving OAC, and all had recurrent AF during follow-up. Additionally, patients with SSE exhibited a significantly smaller ISLL neck diameter (2.8 ± 1.0 vs 7.1 ± 2.1 mm; P = .002). The annualized SSE risk was 1.9% (entire cohort), 6.5% (ISLL patients), 14.4% (ISLL patients not receiving OAC), and 19.0% (ISLL neck diameter ≤5.0 mm) per 100 patient-years of follow-up. The latter risk was nearly 5 times greater than predicted by conventional risk-stratification schemes. Moreover, ISLL emerged as an independent predictor of SSE in univariate analyses and as the sole predictor of SSE in a multivariate analysis.Conclusion In patients with AF, ISLL is a predictor of SSE, independent of conventional risk stratification schemes. Consequently, OAC should be strongly considered in this high-risk cohort.
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“Residual LAA flow or incomplete LAA exclusion can increase stroke risk.465”
From 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS (2016) · cites this paper as [465]
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Imaging for Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure: A Contemporary Review
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Transcatheter embolic coils to treat peridevice leaks after left atrial appendage closure
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Thoracoscopic Left Atrial Appendage Excision Plus Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation to Prevent Stroke
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Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation: Guidelines Revisited
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Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure
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Lee, J., Joung, B., Cha, M., Lee, J. H., Lim, W., Kim, T., Shin, S. Y., Uhm, J., Lim, H. E., Kim, J., et al. (2018) · Korean Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3904/kjm.2018.93.2.87 · Cited by 8
A Comparative Study of Thoracoscopic Left Atrial Appendage Clipping vs Stapled Resection
Lim, S. K., Kim, C. H., Choi, K. H., Ahn, J., On, Y. K., Kim, S. M., & Jeong, D. S. (2023) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.09.010 · Cited by 8
2023 APHRS expert consensus statements on surgery for AF
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Left atrial appendage elimination techniques: stapled excision versus internal suture obliteration
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Exclusion versus preservation of the left atrial appendage in rheumatic mitral valve surgery
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Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Therapy: Evolution and Growing Evidence
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Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion, A Misnomer?
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Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Guided Only by Transesophageal Echocardiography
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Clinical management after surgical left atrial appendage exclusion
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Current Endocardial Approaches for Left Atrial Appendage Closure
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Maze permutations during minimally invasive mitral valve surgery.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Aryana, A., Singh, S. K., Singh, S. M., Gearoid O’Neill, P., Bowers, M. R., Allen, S. L., Lewandowski, S. L., Vierra, E. C., & d’Avila, A.
- Affiliations
- Dignity Health (US)
- Sunnybrook Health Science Centre (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Aryana, Arash
- Venue
- Heart Rhythm
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1431-1437
- ISSN
- 1547-5271 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1602111967
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 10.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Heart Rhythm (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Keywords
- left atrial appendage, atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, systemic embolization, oral anticoagulation, atrial fibrillation recurrence, risk stratification, mitral valve surgery
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Atrial Fibrillation, Brazil, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Humans, Ligation, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, Risk Factors, Thromboembolism, Echocardiography, Transesophageal, Risk Assessment, Atrial Appendage, Stroke, Wound Closure Techniques
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