Effects of course modality in summer session: Enrollment patterns and student performance in face-to-face and online classes
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Others argue that students who choose to take courses online have different characteristics than those who do not.
“or have different characteristics than those who do not (Fischer et al., 2020;Hachey et al., 2022;Hyllegard et al., 2008;McDonough et al., 2014;Wladis et al., 2018Wladis et al., , 2022))”
From Competing hypotheses about online versus face-to-face course outcomes: Analysis leveraging the unique circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic (2025) · cites this paper as Fischer et al., 2020
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References 48 · Cited by 92
- Authors
- Fischer, C., Xu, D., Rodriguez, F., Denaro, K., & Warschauer, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fischer, Christian
- Venue
- The Internet and Higher Education
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-04
- Volume
- 45
- Pages
- 100710
- ISSN
- 1096-7516 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2989942639
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 26.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Internet and Higher Education (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Online and Blended Learning
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › Education during COVID-19 pandemic
- Keywords
- online courses, summer session, course modality, student enrollment, student performance, face-to-face classes, at-risk students, first-generation college students, low-income students, course size, gender differences, admission test scores
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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