The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Association of the serum apelin, but not ghrelin, with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease
Open accessAbstract
Increasing evidence suggests that apelin and ghrelin may participate in atherogenesis. We sought to investigate whether the serum levels of apelin and ghrelin are significantly different in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to patients with nonsignificant coronary stenosis and determine the correlation between these adipokines and the severity of coronary stenosis. The study population included 31 stable CAD patients, 38 unstable CAD patients, and 39 non-CAD subjects. Serum levels of apelin and ghrelin, fasting blood glucose, lipid parameters, hs-CRP and hematological indices were determined in all groups using routine standard laboratory procedures. Serum apelin levels were significantly lower in patient with unstable CAD (0.354 ± 0.063 ng/mL) compared to stable CAD patients (0.401 ± 0.045 ng/mL, p = 0.003) and non-CAD subjects (0.415 ± 0.055 ng/mL, p<0.001). In addition, serum apelin levels were inversely correlated with the severity of coronary stenosis in CAD patients (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in ghrelin levels among the 3 groups. This data may suggest that the presence of unstable CAD may be associated with lower serum apelin which may indicate the potential role of this peptide in the progression and destabilization of coronary plaques.
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“Clinical observations find that reduced circulating Apelin levels are associated with coronary artery disease, particularly more evident in patients with unstable angina, suggesting a role in plaque stabilization [26].”
From Exercise-Induced Myokines in Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Protection: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [26]
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Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach
Kojima, M., Hosoda, H., Date, Y., Nakazato, M., Matsuo, H., & Kangawa, K. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/45230 · Cited by 8,479
Ghrelin: Structure and Function
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The novel peptide apelin lowers blood pressure via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism
Tatemoto, K., Takayama, K., Zou, M.-X., Kumaki, I., Zhang, W. Y., KUMANO, K., & Fujimiya, M. (2001) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/s0167-0115(01)00236-1 · Cited by 640
Emerging roles of apelin in biology and medicine
Kleinz, M. J., & Davenport, A. P. (2005) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.04.001 · Cited by 413
Hypoxia inducible factor regulates the cardiac expression and secretion of apelin
Ronkainen, V., Ronkainen, J. J., Hänninen, S. L., Leskinen, H. K., Ruas, J. L., Pereira, T., Poellinger, L., Vuolteenaho, O. J., & Tavi, P. (2007) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.06-7294com · Cited by 176
Apelin prevents aortic aneurysm formation by inhibiting macrophage inflammation
Leeper, N. J., Tedesco, M. M., Kojima, Y., et al. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01341.2008 · Cited by 161
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Inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells by ghrelin
Zhang, M., Yuan, F., Liu, H., et al. (2008) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.1111/j.1745-7270.2008.00457.x · Cited by 29
Biochemical and genetic role of apelin in essential hypertension and acute coronary syndrome
Gupta, M. D., Girish, M. P., Shah, D., Rain, M., Mehta, V., Tyagi, S., Trehan, V. K., & Pasha, Q. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.242 · Cited by 29
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Inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells by ghrelin
Zhang, M., Yuan, F., Liu, H., et al. (2008) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.1093/abbs/40.9.769 · Cited by 14
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Zhang, Y., & Qiu, Y. (2026) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports14050212 · Cited by 3
“Clinical observations find that reduced circulating Apelin levels are associated with coronary artery disease, particularly more evident in patients with unstable angina, suggesting a role in plaque stabilization [26].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Namazi, G., Salami, R., Pourfarzam, M., Asa, P., Mafi, A., & Raygan, F.
- Affiliations
- Kashan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Namazi, Gholamreza
- Venue
- Indian Heart Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 214-217
- ISSN
- 0019-4832 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8065357
- OpenAlex
- W3125998842
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Indian Heart Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Kashan University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Apelin-related biomedical research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- apelin, ghrelin, coronary artery disease, unstable coronary artery disease, stable coronary artery disease, coronary stenosis severity, adipokines, atherogenesis, serum biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Apelin, C-Reactive Protein, Coronary Artery Disease, Humans, Coronary Stenosis, Ghrelin
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