The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Temporal Fusion Transformers for interpretable multi-horizon time series forecasting
Open accessAbstract
Multi-horizon forecasting often contains a complex mix of inputs – including static (i.e. time-invariant) covariates, known future inputs, and other exogenous time series that are only observed in the past – without any prior information on how they interact with the target. Several deep learning methods have been proposed, but they are typically ‘black-box’ models that do not shed light on how they use the full range of inputs present in practical scenarios. In this paper, we introduce the Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) – a novel attention-based architecture that combines high-performance multi-horizon forecasting with interpretable insights into temporal dynamics. To learn temporal relationships at different scales, TFT uses recurrent layers for local processing and interpretable self-attention layers for long-term dependencies. TFT utilizes specialized components to select relevant features and a series of gating layers to suppress unnecessary components, enabling high performance in a wide range of scenarios. On a variety of real-world datasets, we demonstrate significant performance improvements over existing benchmarks, and highlight three practical interpretability use cases of TFT.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Of note, recent work in a time-series analysis by Google has demonstrated the promise of attention-based model architectures to combine both static and time-dependent inputs to achieve interpretable time-series forecasting.”
From Multimodal biomedical AI (2022) · cites this paper as [41]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A. N., Kaiser, L., & Polosukhin, I. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1706.03762 · Cited by 120,404
Hochreiter, S., & Schmidhuber, J. (1997) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735 · Cited by 102,318
A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions
Lundberg, S., & Lee, S.-I. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1705.07874 · Cited by 23,707
"Why Should I Trust You?": Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifier
Ribeiro, M. T., Singh, S., & Guestrin, C. (2016) · Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining · doi:10.1145/2939672.2939778 · Cited by 17,555
Layer NormalizationPreprint
Ba, J., Kiros, J., & Hinton, G. E. (2016) · arXiv.org · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1607.06450 · Cited by 13,762
Gauriat, C.-M., Pencolé, Y., Ribot, P., et al. (2024) · HAL · doi:10.4230/oasics.dx.2024.27 · Cited by 12,623
“Why Should I Trust You?”: Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifier
Ribeiro, M., Singh, S., & Guestrin, C. (2016) · Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Demonstrations · doi:10.18653/v1/n16-3020 · Cited by 6,682
Comaniciu, D., Ramesh, V., & Meer, P. (2003) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2003.1195991 · Cited by 4,560
Fast and Accurate Deep Network Learning by Exponential Linear Units (ELUs)
Clevert, D.-A., Unterthiner, T., & Hochreiter, S. (2015) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1511.07289 · Cited by 4,513
Residual Attention Network for Image Classification
Wang, F., Jiang, M., Qian, C., Yang, S., Li, C., Zhang, H., Wang, X., & Tang, X. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.683 · Cited by 4,073
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,002
An adaptive embedding procedure for time series forecasting with deep neural networks
Succetti, F., Rosato, A., & Panella, M. (2023) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2023.08.051 · Cited by 21
The role of artificial intelligence in crop improvement
Negus, K. L., Li, X., Welch, S. M., & Yu, J. (2024) · Advances in agronomy · doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2023.11.001 · Cited by 21
Probabilistic Temporal Fusion Transformers for Large-Scale KPI Anomaly Detection
Luo, H., Zheng, Y., Kang, C., & Zhao, S. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3353201 · Cited by 21
Hybrid Transformer Network for Soil Moisture Estimation in Precision Irrigation
Madhukumar, N., Wang, E., Everingham, Y. L., & Xiang, W. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3378257 · Cited by 18
Multi-Route Aircraft Trajectory Prediction Using Temporal Fusion Transformers
SILVESTRE, J., Mielgo, P., Bregón, A., Martínez‐Prieto, M. A., & Álvarez-Esteban, P. C. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3415419 · Cited by 24
Li, Z., Yang, Q., Deng, Q., Gong, Y., Tian, D., Su, P., & Teng, J. (2024) · Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics · doi:10.1002/eqe.4213 · Cited by 18
Kim, B., Preethaa, K. R. S., Song, S., Lukacs, R. R., An, J.-W., Chen, Z.-S., An, E., & Kim, S. (2024) · Journal of Big Data · doi:10.1186/s40537-024-00978-7 · Cited by 18
He, J., Hu, Z., Wang, S., Mujeeb, A., & Yang, P. (2024) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2024.133206 · Cited by 18
Forecasting severe respiratory disease hospitalizations using machine learning algorithms
Albrecht, S., Broderick, D. T. J., Dost, K., Cheung, I. M. Y., Nghiem, N., Wu, M., Zhu, J., Poonawala-Lohani, N., Jamison, S., Rasanathan, D., et al. (2024) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-024-02702-0 · Cited by 18
Tong, H., & Liu, J. (2025) · Electric Power Systems Research · doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111492 · Cited by 18
The Effectiveness of Discretization in Forecasting: An Empirical Study on Neural Time Series ModelsPreprint
Rabanser, S., Januschowski, T., Flunkert, V., Salinas, D., & Gasthaus, J. A. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.10111 · Cited by 26
Huang, C., Zhao, T., Huang, D., Cen, B., Zhou, Q., & Chen, W. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38227 · Cited by 19
Mao, X., Chen, S., Yu, H., Duan, L., He, Y., & Chu, Y. (2025) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125201 · Cited by 17
Adaptive filter-driven optimized attention-based CNN-LSTM for load forecasting in microgrids
Stefenon, S. F., & Yow, K. (2025) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107470 · Cited by 17
K.Ramyalakshmi, Bansal, S. A., Midasala, V., Tanna, P., Mahender, U., & Bhagyalakshmi, L. (2025) · IEEE Madhya Pradesh Section Conference (MPCON) · doi:10.1109/mpcon66082.2025.11256749 · Cited by 17
Qu, K., Xue, S., Zheng, X., Yan, D., & Cao, H. (2025) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2025.124969 · Cited by 17
Modality Fusion Network and Personalized Attention in Momentary Stress Detection in the Wild
Yu, H., Vaessen, T., Myin‐Germeys, I., & Sano, A. (2021) · International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction and workshops · doi:10.1109/acii52823.2021.9597459 · Cited by 17
Analysis and forecasting of rivers pH level using deep learning
Srivastava, A. K., & Cano, A. (2021) · Progress in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s13748-021-00270-2 · Cited by 17
Disentangled Dynamic Deviation Transformer Networks for Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection
Wang, C., Xing, S., Gao, R., Yan, L., Xiong, N. N., & Wang, R. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23031104 · Cited by 17
End-to-end learning with interpretation on electrohysterography data to predict preterm birth
Fischer, A. M., Rietveld, A. L., Teunissen, P. W., Bakker, P., & Hoogendoorn, M. (2023) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106846 · Cited by 21
Exploring Transformer and Graph Convolutional Networks for Human Mobility Modeling
Corrias, R., Gjoreski, M., & Langheinrich, M. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23104803 · Cited by 21
Edge-Based Temporal Fusion Transformer for Multi-Horizon Blood Glucose Prediction
Zhu, T., Chen, T., Kuang, L., Zeng, J., Li, K., & Georgiou, P. (2023) · IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems proceedings · doi:10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181448 · Cited by 25
Multi-Task Learning and Temporal-Fusion-Transformer-Based Forecasting of Building Power Consumption
Ji, W., Cao, Z., & Li, X. (2023) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics12224656 · Cited by 19
Research on Ensemble Learning-Based Feature Selection Method for Time-Series Prediction
Huang, D., Liu, Z., & Wu, D. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14010040 · Cited by 23
Modeling and prediction of key parameters of circulating fluidized bed boiler based on Transformer
Ye, Y., Lin, H., & Zhou, H. (2024) · Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers · doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2024.105622 · Cited by 17
Rafi, M. A., Rodrigues, G. N., Mir, M. N. H., Bhuiyan, M. S. M., Mridha, M. F., Islam, M. R., & Watanobe, Y. (2025) · IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society · doi:10.1109/ojcs.2025.3538579 · Cited by 23
Cerrone, A. R., Westerink, L. G., Ling, G., Blakely, C., Wirasaet, D., Dawson, C., & Westerink, J. J. (2025) · Ocean Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102509 · Cited by 17
Cheng, F., Liu, H., & Lv, X. (2025) · Advanced Engineering Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.aei.2025.103292 · Cited by 17
Khan, S., Mazhar, T., Shahzad, T., Ali, T. M., Ayaz, M., Ghadi, Y. Y., Aggoune, E. M., & Hamam, H. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-04301-z · Cited by 17
Qin, L., Sun, T., Sun, X., & Xia, W. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2025.3525742 · Cited by 16
Pathania, A., & Gupta, V. (2025) · Environmental Modelling & Software · doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106394 · Cited by 16
Online electric vehicle charging detection based on memory-based transformer using smart meter data
Kamoona, A. M., Song, H., Jalili, M., Wang, H., Razzaghi, R., & Yu, X. (2025) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126353 · Cited by 16
Kunz, S., Schulz, A., Wetzel, M., Nölscher, M., Chiaburu, T., Bießmann, F., & Broda, S. (2025) · Hydrology and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-29-3405-2025 · Cited by 16
Time series transformer for tourism demand forecasting
Yi, S., Chen, X., & Tang, C. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-15286-0 · Cited by 26
Zhang, C., Xiao, X., Wang, Y., Hou, Z., Huang, S., Hu, W., Hu, M., & Huang, R. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.137995 · Cited by 18
Osman, K. A. Y. A., Shah, A. F. M. S., Karabulut, M. A., Karahan, S. N., Osmanca, M. S., & Acır, N. (2026) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2026.3663161 · Cited by 24
ms-mamba: Multi-scale mamba for time-series forecasting
Karadag, Y. M., Talaz, I., Dino, İ. G., & Kalkan, S. (2026) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133226 · Cited by 16
Xie, W., Kimura, M., Takaki, K., Asada, Y., Iida, T., & Jia, X. (2022) · Water Resources Research · doi:10.1029/2021wr030493 · Cited by 16
A Robust and Explainable Data-Driven Anomaly Detection Approach For Power Electronics
Beattie, A., Mulink, P., Sahoo, S., Christou, I. T., Kalalas, C., Gutiérrez-Rojas, D., & Nardelli, P. H. J. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm) · doi:10.1109/smartgridcomm52983.2022.9961002 · Cited by 18
Meng, F., & Pei, H. (2022) · Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107665 · Cited by 16
Deep learning algorithm development for river flow prediction: PNP algorithm
Bak, G.-M., & Bae, Y.-C. (2023) · Soft Computing · doi:10.1007/s00500-023-08254-1 · Cited by 17
Multi-Country and Multi-Horizon GDP Forecasting Using Temporal Fusion Transformers
Laborda, J., Ruano, S., & Zamanillo, I. (2023) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math11122625 · Cited by 21
Artificial Intelligent Power Forecasting for Wind Farm Based on Multi-Source Data Fusion
Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Zhang, K., Liu, Y., Qiang, W., & Wen, Q. H. (2023) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr11051429 · Cited by 16
Lindorm TSDB: A Cloud-Native Time-Series Database for Large-Scale Monitoring Systems
Shen, C., Ouyang, Q., Li, F., Liu, Z., Zhu, L., Zou, Y., Su, Q., Yu, T., Yi, Y., Hu, J., et al. (2023) · Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment · doi:10.14778/3611540.3611559 · Cited by 16
Min, H., Hong, S., Song, J., Son, B., Noh, B., & Moon, J. (2024) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics13112071 · Cited by 19
Unsupervised Anomaly Detection and Explanation in Network Traffic with Transformers
Kummerow, A., Abrha, E., Eisenbach, M., & Rösch, D. (2024) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics13224570 · Cited by 22
Short-Term Load Forecasting Model Based on Time Series Clustering and Transformer in Smart Grid
Liu, Y., Zheng, R., Liu, M., Zhu, J., Zhao, X., & Zhang, M. (2025) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics14020230 · Cited by 16
Liu, J., Zang, H., Cheng, L., Ding, T., Wei, Z., & Sun, G. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.134576 · Cited by 20
MQTransformer: Multi-Horizon Forecasts with Context Dependent and Feedback-Aware AttentionPreprint
Eisenach, C., Patel, Y., & Madeka, D. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2009.14799 · Cited by 42
Transformer-Based Water Quality Forecasting With Dual Patch and Trend Decomposition
Lin, Y., Qiao, J., Bi, J., Yuan, H., Wang, M., Zhang, J., & Zhou, M. (2024) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3514133 · Cited by 15
A comparative analysis of deep learning models for accurate spatio-temporal soil moisture prediction
Zhu, L., Dai, W., Huang, J., & Luo, Z. (2024) · Geocarto International · doi:10.1080/10106049.2024.2441382 · Cited by 17
Badar, W., Ramzan, S., Raza, A., Fitriyani, N. L., Syafrudin, M., & Lee, S. W. (2025) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math13121908 · Cited by 15
Saleh, H., El–Sappagh, S., McCann, M., Alsamhi, S. H., & Breslin, J. G. (2025) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110406 · Cited by 16
Khan, M. Z., Shahzadi, M., Khan, A. A., Ali, U. A., Hassan, M. A. S., & Hussain, M. (2025) · Innovative Infrastructure Solutions · doi:10.1007/s41062-025-02147-y · Cited by 24
Predictive deep reinforcement learning with multi-agent systems for adaptive time series forecasting
Shaik, T., Tao, X., Li, L., Xie, H., Acharya, U. R., Gururajan, R., & Zhou, X. (2025) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2025.113941 · Cited by 15
Temporal Fusion Transformer for forecasting vital sign trajectories in intensive care patients
Phetrittikun, R., Suvirat, K., Pattalung, T. N., Kongkamol, C., Ingviya, T., & Chaichulee, S. (2021) · Biomedical Engineering International Conference · doi:10.1109/bmeicon53485.2021.9745215 · Cited by 15
Sepformer-Based Models: More Efficient Models for Long Sequence Time-Series Forecasting
Fan, J., Wang, Z., Sun, D., & Wu, H. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing · doi:10.1109/tetc.2022.3230920 · Cited by 16
CBITS: Crypto BERT Incorporated Trading System
Kim, G., Kim, M.-S., Kim, B. C., & Lim, H. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3236032 · Cited by 16
Narayanan, V., Manoghar, B. M., Rama Prashanth, R. V., & Bera, A. (2023) · Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/icra48891.2023.10161504 · Cited by 33
Pino, C., Sitta, A., Castagnolo, G., Messina, A. A., Coffa, S., Calabretta, M., Scotti, F., Genovese, A., Piuri, V., Spampinato, C., et al. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles · doi:10.1109/tiv.2023.3294726 · Cited by 16
Multi-Task Time Series Forecasting Based on Graph Neural Networks
Han, X., Huang, Y., Pan, Z., Li, W., Hu, Y., & Lin, G. (2023) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e25081136 · Cited by 18
pTSE: A Multi-model Ensemble Method for Probabilistic Time Series Forecasting
Zhou, Y., Chu, Z., Ruan, Y., Jin, G., Huang, Y., & Li, S. (2023) · International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.24963/ijcai.2023/521 · Cited by 15
Souto, H. G., & Moradi, A. (2023) · Decision Analytics Journal · doi:10.1016/j.dajour.2023.100369 · Cited by 15
Interpretable EU ETS Phase 4 prices forecasting based on deep generative data augmentation approach
Liu, D., Chen, K., Cai, Y., & Tang, Z. (2024) · Finance research letters · doi:10.1016/j.frl.2024.105038 · Cited by 16
Zeng, W., Lin, Q., Zhu, B., Peng, C., & Yu, R. (2024) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.123674 · Cited by 15
Feng, Z.-Y., Wang, Z., Zheng, K., Li, R., Zhao, Y., & Wang, Y. (2024) · Ocean Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.117539 · Cited by 15
Network security AIOps for online stream data monitoring
Nguyen, G., Dlugolinský, Š., Tran, V., & García, Á. L. (2024) · Neural Computing and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00521-024-09863-z · Cited by 18
Souto, H. G. (2024) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.124851 · Cited by 19
Zhang, J., Guo, L., Wang, G. G., Yu, J. G., Zheng, X., Mei, Y., & Han, B. (2024) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125510 · Cited by 15
Aeroelastic force prediction via temporal fusion transformers
Montoya, M. C., Mishra, A., Verma, S., Mures, O. A., & Rubio-Medrano, C. E. (2024) · Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering · doi:10.1111/mice.13381 · Cited by 16
Long, X., Ding, Y., Li, Y., Li, Y., Gao, L., & Zeng, Z. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3547227 · Cited by 15
Qu, D., & Ma, Y. (2025) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math13172740 · Cited by 20
Vertical power flow forecast with LSTMs using regular training update strategies
Brauns, K., Scholz, C., Schultz, A., Baier, A., & Jost, D. (2022) · Energy and AI · doi:10.1016/j.egyai.2022.100143 · Cited by 16
Grid Load Forecasting Based on Dual Attention BiGRU and DILATE Loss Function
Wang, X., Wu, Z., Ge, J., Zhang, Z., Han, L., Wang, S., & Zhang, X. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3182334 · Cited by 17
U-Net Inspired Transformer Architecture for Far Horizon Time Series Forecasting
Madhusudhanan, K., Burchert, J., Duong‐Trung, N., Born, S., & Schmidt-Thieme, L. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26422-1_3 · Cited by 15
IceTFT v1.0.0: interpretable long-term prediction of Arctic sea ice extent with deep learning
Mu, B., Luo, X., Yuan, S., & Liang, X. (2023) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-16-4677-2023 · Cited by 15
Learning Quantile Functions without Quantile Crossing for Distribution-free Time Series ForecastingPreprint
Park, Y., Maddix, D. C., Aubet, F.-X., Kan, K., Gasthaus, J. A., & Wang, Y. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2111.06581 · Cited by 15
Wang, F., Pang, Y., Bai, L., & Godin, M. (2025) · ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH · doi:10.1186/s40068-025-00403-9 · Cited by 14
Theodoridis, G., & Tsadiras, A. K. (2025) · Information · doi:10.3390/info16070596 · Cited by 14
Multistep PV power forecasting using deep learning models and the reptile search algorithm
Al‐Dahidi, S., Alahmer, H., Rinchi, B., Bani-Abdullah, A., Alrbai, M., Ayadi, O., & Al‐Ghussain, L. (2025) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106265 · Cited by 14
Gomez, W., Wang, F., & Sheu, S. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.138081 · Cited by 15
Bao, Y., Xie, G., Pu, P., Yao, X., Jin, W., & 夏大海 (2025) · Engineering Failure Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109912 · Cited by 14
A review on multi-sensor data fusion for wearable health monitoring
John, A., James, A. P., Cardiff, B., & John, D. (2026) · Information Fusion · doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2026.104319 · Cited by 33
Xu, H., Li, K., Lai, X., Shan, P., Zhang, B., Dai, L., Yang, S., Guo, Q., Xi, X., & Yan, Z. (2026) · International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials · doi:10.1007/s12613-026-3408-7 · Cited by 14
DNN-based multi-output model for predicting soccer team tactics
Lee, G. J., & Jung, J. J. (2022) · PeerJ Computer Science · doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.853 · Cited by 14
Learning Generative RNN-ODE for Collaborative Time-Series and Event Sequence Forecasting
Li, L., Yan, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Bao, J., Jin, Y., & Yang, X. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering · doi:10.1109/tkde.2022.3185115 · Cited by 14
Feng, G., Zhang, L., Ai, F., Zhang, Y., & Hou, Y. (2022) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e24081111 · Cited by 14
Zheng, H., Chen, J., Huang, Z., Yang, K., & Zhu, J. (2022) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math10193664 · Cited by 14
Predicting network flows from speeds using open data and transfer learning
Mahajan, V., Cantelmo, G., Rothfeld, R., & Antoniou, C. (2022) · IET Intelligent Transport Systems · doi:10.1049/itr2.12305 · Cited by 14
Wang, Y., Zhong, W., Kang, X., & Luo, Y. (2022) · Energy Science & Engineering · doi:10.1002/ese3.1380 · Cited by 14
A hybrid neural network based model for blood donation forecasting
Ding, X., Zhang, X., Li, X., & Du, J. (2023) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104488 · Cited by 14
Forecasting of PV Plant Output Using Interpretable Temporal Fusion Transformer Model
Islam, M., Shuvo, S. S., Shohan, M. J. A., & Faruque, O. M. (2023) · North American Power Symposium (NAPS) · doi:10.1109/naps58826.2023.10318698 · Cited by 14
Xiong, X., Yang, J., Zhong, R., Dong, J., Huang, J., Ting, K. C., Ying, Y. B., & Lin, T. (2023) · Computers and Electronics in Agriculture · doi:10.1016/j.compag.2023.108487 · Cited by 14
Blood glucose forecasting from temporal and static information in children with T1D
Marx, A., Stefano, F. D., Leutheuser, H., Chin-Cheong, K., Pfister, M., Burckhardt, M., Bachmann, S., & Vogt, J. E. (2023) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1296904 · Cited by 15
Ding, G., Georgilas, I. P., & Plummer, A. R. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24010211 · Cited by 14
Li, Y., Huang, Y., & Huang, H. (2024) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3394437 · Cited by 14
TRECK: Long-Term Traffic Forecasting With Contrastive Representation Learning
Zheng, X., Bagloee, S. A., & Sarvi, M. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3421328 · Cited by 16
Almarzooqi, A. H., Alhusin, M. O., Nikolakakos, I. P., Salih, M., Husnain, A., & Albeshr, H. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/tia.2024.3451408 · Cited by 14
Multi-Way adaptive Time Aware LSTM for irregularly collected sequential ICU data
Cissoko, M. B. H., Castelain, V., & Lachiche, N. (2024) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125548 · Cited by 14
CH-RUN: a deep-learning-based spatially contiguous runoff reconstruction for Switzerland
Kraft, B., Schirmer, M., Aeberhard, W. H., Zappa, M., Seneviratne, S. I., & Gudmundsson, L. (2025) · Hydrology and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-29-1061-2025 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Lim, B., Arık, S. Ö., Loeff, N., & Pfister, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Google (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lim, Bryan
- Venue
- International Journal of Forecasting
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-10
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1748-1764
- ISSN
- 0169-2070 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2996331899
- Cited by
- 3,291
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1359 · 2025: 827 · 2024: 508 · 2023: 362 · 2022: 153 · 2021: 66
- FWCI
- 126.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Forecasting (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Google Inc
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Time Series Analysis and Forecasting
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Forecasting Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques
- Keywords
- Temporal Fusion Transformer, interpretability, self-attention, gating mechanism, feature selection, exogenous variables, recurrent layers, long-range dependencies, temporal dynamics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review