Effects of hormone therapy with estrogen and/or progesterone on sleep pattern in postmenopausal women
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of estrogen and progesterone on sleep in postmenopausal women. METHOD: The 33 participants were randomly assigned to an estrogen or placebo group after undergoing clinical and hormonal assessments and a polysomnogram, and they underwent the same tests again after 12 weeks. Then, while still taking estrogen or placebo, they all received progesterone for another 12 weeks and underwent a final polysomnogram. RESULTS: Estrogen plus progesterone was more effective than estrogen alone in decreasing the prevalence of periodic limb movement (PLM) (8.1% vs 2.8%), hot flashes (14.2% vs 0%), and bruxism (11.1% vs 0%) at night, or somnolence and attention difficulty during the day. The prevalences of breathing irregularities, arousal from sleep, anxiety, and memory impairment were decreased in both groups following progesterone treatment. CONCLUSION: While not significantly affecting sleep quality, hormone therapy decreased the prevalence of arousal in both groups and that of PLM in the group treated with estrogen plus progesterone.
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Several studies comparing hormone therapy to placebo have found that hormone therapy improves perceived sleep quality and self-reported sleeping problems more than placebo.
“Although several studies comparing HT to a placebo have found that HT improves perceived sleep quality and self-reported sleeping problems more than a placebo [112-123]”
From Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Insomnia (2012) · cites this paper as [112]
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References 27 · Cited by 101
- Authors
- Hachul, H., Bittencourt, L. R. A., Andersen, M. L., Haidar, M. A., Baracat, E. C., & Tufik, S.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Hachul, Helena
- Venue
- International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-09-23
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 207-212
- ISSN
- 0020-6695 (ISSN-L)
- 0020-7292
- 1879-3479
- OpenAlex
- W2145628359
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 6.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNIFESP Institutional Repository (Universidade Federal de São Paulo) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- hormone replacement therapy, estrogen, progesterone, sleep quality, postmenopausal women, periodic limb movements, hot flashes, bruxism, sleep arousal, polysomnography, daytime somnolence
- MeSH terms
- Cognition Disorders, Double-Blind Method, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Progestins, Progesterone, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Prevalence, Treatment Outcome, Polysomnography, Postmenopause, Hot Flashes, Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome, Hormone Replacement Therapy
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