Nutrient-mediated teratogenesis and fuel-mediated teratogenesis: two pathways of intrauterine programming of diabetes
Abstract
The epidemic of diabetes is spreading quickly to the poor and the deprived. Nutrition during fetal life influences the future risk for diabetes; and both under- and overnutrition contribute and coexist in rapid-transition countries. Nutrient imbalance seems particularly important; for example, low maternal vitamin B(12) status coupled with high folate predicted higher adiposity and insulin resistance in Indian children, suggesting a role for 1-C (methyl) group donors in fetal programming. Maternal hyperglycemia worsens the situation. Improving the early-life environment may be more cost-effective for preventing diabetes than controlling lifestyle factors alone in later life.
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Both fetal undernutrition (low birth weight) and overnutrition (the baby of a diabetic mother) are associated with increased future risk of diabetes.
“Both fetal undernutrition (LBW) and overnutrition (the baby of a diabetic mother) are associated with increased future risk of diabetes (52).”
From Globalization of Diabetes (2011) · cites this paper as [52]
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References 31 · Cited by 82
- Authors
- Yajnik, C. S.
- Affiliations
- King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Yajnik, Chittaranjan S.
- Venue
- International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- Supplement
- Pages
- S27-31
- ISSN
- 0020-6695 (ISSN-L)
- 0020-7292
- 1879-3479
- OpenAlex
- W2033976381
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 6.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Keywords
- teratogenesis, intrauterine programming, diabetes mellitus, fetal nutrition, maternal hyperglycemia, vitamin B12, folic acid, methyl donors, insulin resistance, childhood adiposity, malnutrition, overnutrition, diabetes prevention
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Child, Developing Countries, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Hyperglycemia, India, Insulin Resistance, Nutrition Disorders, Poverty, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Fetal Development
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