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Teaching digital literacy skills to the elderly using a social network with linear navigation: A case study in a rural area
Open accessAbstract
Abstract Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have considerably increased the information and communication channels, favoring the emergence of new models for social relations, such as social networks. However, for elderly users whose learning has traditionally been based on linear models of information such as textbooks, unfamiliarity with Internet can be a barrier. Moreover, elderly people living in rural communities face a lack of telecommunication infrastructures, which increases their difficulties in accessing ICTs. The aim of this study is to test a social network consisting of multiple applications with linear navigation as a digital literacy method for the elderly in rural areas. A sample of 46 participants between 60–76 years old with heterogeneous previous experience with ICTs participated in the study. They performed eight standardized sessions in an Elderly Leisure Center. Results showed differences in perceived usefulness between users with high and low ICT experience. After eight training sessions, the majority of the participants were able to independently use all the system applications, and positive results were obtained on the variables measured, i.e., learnability, sense of control over the system, ability to use the system, orientation, efficiency, accessible design, perceived ease, perceived usefulness, and intention to use. The participants with previous experience with other ICT methods preferred the linear navigation method because they thought it was easier than other ICTs. The results showed interaction differences when touch screens were used. Qualitative results showed that one of the most frequent emotions at the beginning of the ICT sessions was “fear” (related to breaking the computer or to making fools of themselves), but the continued use of the system improved the users’ perceptions of their own capacity to handle ICTs and their interest in ICTs in general. The main contribution of this work consists of exploring the usefulness of linear navigation and social network systems in the context of digital literacy for elderly users in rural areas.
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“elderly users show better performance on systems with linear navigation [32,46,47].”
From Designing ICTs for Users with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Usability Study (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The results showed differences between the present study and the findings obtained from previous research with the same web design but a different population (i.e., people without cognitive impairment) [32,46].”
From Designing ICTs for Users with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Usability Study (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“All the items were obtained from a previous usability study with elderly users (see [32]).”
From Designing ICTs for Users with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Usability Study (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The system has been developed following the guidelines of a software that has proven its usability with elderly users using linear navigation [32,46,59].”
From Designing ICTs for Users with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Usability Study (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
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Zhao, J., Chen, D. D., Barbareschi, G., & Sato, C. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714158 · Cited by 4
“While there is substantial research focusing on increasing the digital skills of older adults [6, 49, 54], there is less emphasis in unpacking the complexities of the ways in which they already utilize ICT tools in association with many of their personal interests and activities within their own…”
Pizzul, D., & Caliandro, A. (2025) · International Journal of Lifelong Education · doi:10.1080/02601370.2025.2584047 · Cited by 3
An Evaluation of the New Zealand SilverTech Smartphone Course for Older Adults
Jaye, C., McLean, R., Lin, J., Beardsmore, K., & George, D. (2024) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648241306941 · Cited by 4
Anand, P., & Pandey, A. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251343381 · Cited by 3
“The factors affecting digital adoption may vary in different socioeconomic contexts at a community, district and micro-regional level (Castilla et al., 2018; Peng & Yu, 2022; Satpati & Sharma, 2022).”
An, S., Lim, Y., & Chung, S. (2022) · Research in Community and Public Health Nursing · doi:10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.1.53 · Cited by 3
Pott, K., Simmen, Y., Kalunder, M., & Agotai, D. (2023) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/3584931.3607490 · Cited by 3
“The learnability of the system can be further enhanced by the use of a digital agent that provides instructions during usage in order to reduce stress and anxiety associated with ICT [4].”
BackgroundFuchs, K., & Aguilos, V. (2023) · International Journal of Information and Education Technology · doi:10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.3.1829 · Cited by 5
“It is said that the successful integration of social media into the learning process depends on the course instructors‟ ability and, therefore, influences the effectiveness of the use of social media in “formal education” [8].”
BackgroundWho Helps the Helpers?: Complications and Considerations for ICT Instructors Teaching Older Adults
Song, J., Lee, B., Seo, J., & Choe, E. K. (2025) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3706599.3720257 · Cited by 2
Multidimensional digital vulnerability among older adults
Sakariassen, H. (2025) · Nordicom Review · doi:10.2478/nor-2025-0012 · Cited by 3
Defining digital mentoring to advance adult digital inclusion
Marshall, A., Dezuanni, M., & Hourigan, A. (2025) · Community Development Journal · doi:10.1093/cdj/bsaf021 · Cited by 6
Sun, H., Jing, P., Fu, X., & Xu, J. (2025) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.106536 · Cited by 2
Cao, Y., Yang, X., Luo, S., & Wong, K. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-37657-x · Cited by 2
Using Abstract Icon Systems in the Digital Divide Era: Are Users Icon Blind?
Capobianco, A., Chibout, K., Kontiebo, P., & Cazier, D. (2021) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78635-9_15 · Cited by 2
Analisis Bibliometrik Tren Penelitian Literasi Pada Lansia dengan Menggunakan VOSviewer
Azzahrawaani, Z., Johan, R. C., & Ardiansah (2023) · BACA JURNAL DOKUMENTASI DAN INFORMASI · doi:10.55981/baca.2023.1679 · Cited by 2
“…et al ., 2016) Health Literacy And Fear Of Cancer Progression In Elderly Women Newly Diagnosed With Breast Cancer-A Longitudinal Analysis 58 (Castilla et al ., 2018) Teaching Digital Literacy Skills To The Elderly Using A Social Network With Linear Navigation: A Case Study In A Rural Area…”
MethodBildung im digitalen Wandel. Die Bedeutung digitaler Medien für soziales Lernen und Teilhabe
:null (2023) · Waxmann Verlag GmbH eBooks · doi:10.31244/9783830998464 · Cited by 9
Leber, J., Heinemann, A., Sander, P., Ahmad, C., Meneghinello, L., & Peters, L. (2023) · Waxmann Verlag GmbH eBooks · doi:10.31244/9783830998464.03 · Cited by 2
Avatar quality: A study on presence and user preference
Gasch, C., Javanmardi, A., García‐Palacios, A., & Pagani, A. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and eXtended and Virtual Reality (AIxVR) · doi:10.1109/aixvr59861.2024.00022 · Cited by 2
“This graphics card enables the execution of the software with minimal delay in the user’s image and movements.”
MethodUnderstanding smart village concepts: digital literacy and mobile technology
Dirgatama, C. H. A., Permansah, S., & Rusmana, D. (2024) · Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) · doi:10.11591/edulearn.v18i3.21293 · Cited by 2
“Digital literacy opportunities vary between classes based on average performance.”
Lifelong Learning and Healthy Ageing: A Global and Singaporean Perspective
Harding, S. C., Thang, L. L., & Subramaniam, A. (2024) · Topics in Geriatric Care. · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-0462-3_5 · Cited by 2
Nezhad, A. S., droudi, F., & rahjoo, F. (2021) · پژوهشنامه پردازش و مدیریت اطلاعات · doi:10.52547/jipm.37.2.641 · Cited by 2
Viisauden piirteiden ilmentymät ikääntyneiden tietotyöläisten mediasuhteissa
Cornér, T. (2020) · Gerontologia · doi:10.23989/gerontologia.87315 · Cited by 2
Kapadia, S. J., Gao, Y., & Cumming, E. (2021) · Health Promotion Perspectives · doi:10.34172/hpp.2021.30 · Cited by 3
Polinska, V. (2022) · LU Akadēmiskais apgāds eBooks · doi:10.22364/vv.r.22 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Castilla, D., Botella, C., Miralles, I., Bretón-López, J., Dragomir-Davis, A. M., Zaragoza, I., & Garcia-Palacios, A.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Jaume I (ES)
- University of Houston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Castilla, Diana
- Venue
- International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 118
- Pages
- 24-37
- ISSN
- 1071-5819 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2805664907
- Semantic Scholar
- 20ad719ffb2238c4a728c16b4f56a565ad804917
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9
- FWCI
- 21.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Repositori UJI (Universitat Jaume I) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Repository of Digital Objects for Teaching Research and Culture (University of Valencia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PI13/00982)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Technology Use by Older Adults
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › ICT in Developing Communities
- Social Sciences › Education › Digital literacy in education
- Keywords
- digital literacy, older adults, rural elderly, social networks, ICT training, perceived usefulness, perceived ease, intention to use, accessible design, touch screen, technology anxiety
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