Trends of the internal phthalate exposure of young adults in Germany—Follow-up of a retrospective human biomonitoring study
Abstract
The exposure of the general population to phthalates is of increasing public health concern. Variations in the internal exposure of the population are likely, because the amounts, distribution and application characters of the phthalate use change over time. Estimating the chronological sequences of the phthalate exposure, we performed a retrospective human biomonitoring study by investigating the metabolites of the five most prominent phthalates in urine. Therefore, 24h-urine samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) collected from 240 subjects (predominantly students, age range 19-29 years, 120 females, 120 males) in the years 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2008 (60 individuals each), were analysed for the concentrations of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) as metabolite of di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP) as metabolite of di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) as metabolite of butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (5OH-MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (5oxo-MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (5cx-MEPP) and mono-(2-carboxymethyl hexyl) phthalate (2cx-MMHxP) as metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), monohydroxylated (OH-MiNP), monooxidated (oxo-MiNP) and monocarboxylated (cx-MiNP) mono-iso-nonylphthalates as metabolites of di-iso-nonyl phthalates (DiNP). Based on the urinary metabolite excretion, together with results of a…
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Several studies support the CDC's findings that children have higher urinary concentrations than adults of DBP, BzBP, and DEHP.
“Several studies support the CDC’s findings that children have higher urinary concentrations than do adults of DBP, BzBP, and DEHP [41,145].”
From A Review of Biomonitoring of Phthalate Exposures (2019) · cites this paper as [41]
The median concentrations of phthalate metabolites in urine samples from Germany decreased significantly from 2002 to 2008.
“The median concentrations of phthalate metabolites in urine samples from Germany decreased significantly from 2002 to 2008 [41].”
From A Review of Biomonitoring of Phthalate Exposures (2019) · cites this paper as [41]
Cites
Ye, X., Pierik, F. H., Hauser, R., Duty, S., Angerer, J., Park, M. M., Burdorf, A., Hofman, A., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Mackenbach, J. P., et al. (2008) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.014 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Frederiksen, H., Jorgensen, N., & Andersson, A.-M. (2010) · Journal of Analytical Toxicology · doi:10.1093/jat/34.7.400 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
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A Review of Biomonitoring of Phthalate Exposures
Wang, Y., Zhu, H., & Kannan, K. (2019) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics7020021 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Frederiksen, H., Jensen, T. K., Jørgensen, N., Kyhl, H. B., Husby, S., Skakkebæk, N. E., Main, K. M., Juul, A., & Andersson, A.-M. (2014) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep-13-0522 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
- Authors
- Göen, T., Dobler, L., Koschorreck, J., Müller, J., Wiesmüller, G. A., Drexler, H., & Kolossa-Gehring, M.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- German Environment Agency (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Göen, Thomas
- Venue
- International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 215
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 36-45
- ISSN
- 1438-4639 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2018702281
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- phthalate exposure, phthalate metabolites, urinary biomonitoring, mono-n-butyl phthalate, monobenzyl phthalate, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, DEHP, young adults, temporal trends in exposure
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Germany, Humans, Male, Phthalic Acids, Plasticizers, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult
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