Noninvasive porosity measurement of biconvex tablets using terahertz pulses
Abstract
Biconvex pharmaceutical microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) compacts were investigated by the detection of terahertz (THz) pulse delay in the transmission measurement mode. The dimensions of the tablets were kept as constants but the porosity was a priori known variable. It is shown that the porosity of the biconvex compact has a linear correlation with the THz pulse delay. By constructing a calibration line between these two parameters (i.e. porosity and THz pulse delay), it is possible to non-invasively detect porosity of biconvex tablets. We suggest that this preliminary study could be the starting point of in-depth future studies on the screening of porosity and related properties of real biconvex pharmaceutical tablets using terahertz sensing techniques.
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Total porosity can be calculated from a THz-TDS measurement by using effective medium theory and knowing the intrinsic refractive index of the solid matrix.
“The total porosity can thus be calculated from a THz-TDS measurement by utilizing effective medium theory and knowing the intrinsic refractive index of the solid matrix.”
From Measuring Open Porosity of Porous Materials Using THz-TDS and an Index-Matching Medium (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
THz-TDS has been demonstrated to measure porosity of rocks and pharmaceutical tablets and to analyze anisotropy of pore structures.
“This method has been demonstrated to measure the porosity of rocks [20] and pharmaceutical tablets [21,22,23] as well as to analyze the anisotropy of pore structures [18,24].”
From Measuring Open Porosity of Porous Materials Using THz-TDS and an Index-Matching Medium (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
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References 23 · Cited by 29
- Authors
- Bawuah, P., Ervasti, T., Tan, N., Zeitler, J. A., Ketolainen, J., & Peiponen, K.-E.
- Affiliations
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bawuah, Prince
- Venue
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-07
- Volume
- 509
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 439-443
- ISSN
- 0378-5173 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2413028657
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Terahertz technology and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting
- Keywords
- tablet porosity, microcrystalline cellulose, calibration lines
- MeSH terms
- Cellulose, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Excipients, Pulse, Tablets, Technology, Pharmaceutical, Porosity, Terahertz Spectroscopy
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