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Enteric-coated bacteriophage tablets for oral administration against gastrointestinal infections
Abstract
Intestinal Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly problematic in immunocompromised patients such as those in intensive care units in hospitals. Phage therapy is an attractive alternative or supplementary therapy to antibiotics as it not only kills multidrug-resistant bacteria, but also minimises the disruption of gut microflora. Solid oral dosage forms (i.e., tablets) have the potential to effectively deliver viable phages to the gastrointestinal tract, but formulation studies have been scarce. In this study, Pseudomonas-targeting phage PEV20 was used as a model to produce tablets suitable for oral delivery by utilising industry-scale tablet compression and tablet coating machines. Phage tablets were produced by (i) spray drying of phages, (ii) direct compression of the phage powders into tablets, and then (iii) tablet coating. The resulting phage tablets had negligible phage titre reduction throughout the process and passed the British Pharmacopeia tests, including friability, weight variation, disintegration and dissolution of the tablets as well as weight gain and disintegration (in 0.1 M HCl and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) of coated tablets. The developed formulation method can be utilised to produce tablets containing other phages and phage cocktails that are effective against enteric bacterial infections.
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“Engineering strategies to address these limitations, such as (Polyethylene glycol) PEGylation, polymer encapsulation, immune-evasive capsid mutations, and biomaterial carriers, are actively being developed [101–103]”
From Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment (2026) · cites this paper as [102]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment
Mutalik, V. K., Inman, J. L., Chang, H., Arkin, A., & Mao, J.-H. (2026) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2026.02.001 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Khanal, D., Chang, R. Y. K., Hick, C., Morales, S., & Chan, H.-K.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Chan, Hak-Kim
- Venue
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-11
- Volume
- 609
- Pages
- 121206
- ISSN
- 0378-5173 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3206894640
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 2.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1140617)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- phage therapy, enteric coating, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, gastrointestinal infections, direct compression, tablet formulation, phage stability, multidrug-resistant bacteria, phage cocktail, immunocompromised patients
- MeSH terms
- Phage Therapy, Administration, Oral, Bacteriophages, Humans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Tablets, Tablets, Enteric-Coated
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