Why Aging T Cells Fail: Implications for Vaccination
Open accessAbstract
The decline in CD4+ T cell function with aging contributes to reduced vaccine efficacy. In this commentary, we discuss the factors leading to age-related changes in T cell function and propose how they may be overcome to enhance vaccine efficacy for the elderly.
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The ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ lymphocytes in the BAL fluid has been shown to increase with age, suggesting a decrease in the number of naïve T cells available that can be converted to memory cells against a novel antigen.
“Specifically, the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ lymphocytes in the BAL fluid has been shown to increase with age, suggesting a decrease in the number of naïve T cells available that can be converted to memory cells against a novel antigen (131, 132).”
From Aging and Lung Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [131]
There is an age-associated reduction in naïve T cell numbers that corresponds with increased memory T cell numbers.
“There is an age-associated reduction in naïve T cell numbers that corresponds with increased memory T cell numbers (131).”
From Aging and Lung Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [131]
Memory T cell responses, T cell receptor repertoire diversity, T helper cell differentiation, and T helper cell activity diminish with age.
“Further, memory T cell responses, T cell receptor repertoire diversity, T helper cell differentiation, and T helper cell activity diminish with age (131, 132).”
From Aging and Lung Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [131]
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References 25 · Cited by 169
- Authors
- Haynes, L., & Swain, S. L.
- Affiliations
- Trudeau Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Swain, Susan L.
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 663-666
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7129126
- OpenAlex
- W1977893175
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 5.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2639 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG021600, R01AG021054)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- T cell senescence, CD4+ T cells, immunosenescence, vaccine efficacy, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adjuvants, Immunologic, Aging, Humans, T-Lymphocytes, Vaccination
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