The “Flynn effect” and Flynn’s paradox
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The g loading of a subtest can be viewed as an index of its cognitive complexity; a subtest with a higher g-loading is more complex, which means it may be affected to a greater extent not only by biological factors, but also by cultural factors.
“At its core, the g loading of a subtest can be viewed as an index of its cognitive complexity (Flynn, 2013; see also Gottfredson, 2016): a subtest with a higher g-loading is more complex, which means it may be affected to a greater extent not only by biological factors, but also by cultural factors (see especially Dickens & Flynn, 2001;Kan et al., 2013).”
From No negative Flynn effect in France: Why variations of intelligence should not be assessed using tests based on cultural knowledge (2021) · cites this paper as Flynn, 2013
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Woodley, M. A., te Nijenhuis, J., Must, O., & Must, A. (2014) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.12.004 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Gonthier, C., Grégoire, J., & Besançon, M. (2021) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2020.101512 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Flynn, J. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Flynn, James R.
- Venue
- Intelligence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 851-857
- ISSN
- 0160-2896 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1979971480
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 6.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Intelligence (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › Parental Involvement in Education
- Keywords
- Flynn effect, fluid intelligence, parenting, parental agency, intergenerational transmission
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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