Marein protects human nucleus pulposus cells against high glucose-induced injury and extracellular matrix degradation at least partly by inhibition of ROS/NF-κB pathway

Abstract

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), a major cause of discogenic low back pain, is a musculoskeletal disorder involving the apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Marein is a major active flavonoid ingredient extracted from the hypoglycemic plant Coreopsis tinctoria with several beneficial biological activities including anti-diabetic effects. Nevertheless, there are no reports concerning the effects of marein on IDD. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of marein on high glucose (HG)-induced injury and ECM degradation in human NPCs (HNPCs). CCK-8 assay was applied to evaluate cell viability. Flow cytometry analysis, a cell death detection ELISA, and caspase-3 activity assay were used to assess apoptosis. The mRNA expression of ECM-related proteins matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-13, Collagen II, and aggrecan were determined by qRT-PCR. The changes of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway were examined by western blot. Stimulation with HG significantly reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in HNPCs. Moreover, HG exposure increased MMP-3 and MMP-13 expression and decreased Collagen II and aggrecan expression in HNPCs. Notably, marein effectively alleviated HG-induced viability reduction, apoptosis and ECM degradation in HNPCs. We also found that marein inhibited HG-induced ROS generation and NF-κB activation in HNPCs. Inhibition of NF-κB pathway reinforced HG-induced injury and ECM degradation in HNPCs. In…