TLRs: Professor Mechnikov, sit on your hat
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are sensors of foreign microbial products, which initiate host defense responses in all multicellular organisms examined to date. They are the target for most adjuvants, are essential for the establishment of memory in T and B cells and provoke inflammation. They program dendritic cells in their interaction with Th1 cells and their signalling pathways enable a tailoring of host defense responses to the provoking microbe previously unsuspected in the innate arm of immunity. Their discovery and characterisation fills a void in immunology and is the culmination of an effort that began with one of immunology's founding fathers, Elie Mechnikov. Targeting TLRs therapeutically now has the potential to impact on how we treat infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Existing research relied upon culture systems that interrogate only a single activation pathway, involving toll-like receptor 4 and the MyD88 adaptor molecule.
“A further problem is that existing research has relied upon culture systems that interrogate only a single activation pathway, which involves toll-like receptor 4 and the MyD88 adaptor molecule (21).”
From A Functional Genomic Fingerprint of Chronic Stress in Humans: Blunted Glucocorticoid and Increased NF-κB Signaling (2008) · cites this paper as [21]
Cites
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SOCS1/JAB Is a Negative Regulator of LPS-Induced Macrophage Activation
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- Authors
- O'Neill, L. A. J.
- Affiliations
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- Corresponding author
- O'Neill, Luke A.J.
- ORCID
- O'Neill, Luke A.J.
- Venue
- Trends in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-12
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 687-693
- ISSN
- 1471-4906 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2101772709
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Science Foundation Ireland
- Health Research Board
- Enterprise Ireland
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- Toll-like receptors, innate immunity, host defense, adjuvants, dendritic cells, Th1 cells, T cell memory, memory B cells, inflammation, TLR-targeted therapy, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases
- MeSH terms
- Allergy and Immunology, Animals, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Infections, Membrane Glycoproteins, Pyrogens, Receptors, Cell Surface, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression, Models, Immunological, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Toll-Like Receptors, Mice
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