Immune mechanisms in type 1 diabetes
Abstract
There are three prerequisites for development of the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes (T1D). First, β cell-reactive T cells need to be activated; second, the response needs to be proinflammatory; and finally, immune regulation of autoreactive responses must fail. Here, we describe our current understanding of the cell types and immune mechanisms involved in each of these steps leading to T1D. Novel findings regarding β cell involvement in its own destruction, the importance of the microbiota for instruction of the immune system, and recent data from studies in T1D patients are discussed. In addition, we summarise therapeutic approaches to T1D, and how these relate to the immune mechanisms involved in disease development.
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Even in T1D in which tissue-specific T cells are involved, local initiators originating from senescent beta cells play critical roles.
“Concerning age-related diseases, senescent cells themselves are critically involved in T1D and T2D, and the deletion of senescent beta cells prevents diabetes (57, 298), indicating that even in T1D in which tissue-specific T cells are involved (299–301), local initiators originating from senescent beta cells play critical roles.”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [300]
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References 109 · Cited by 155
- Authors
- Wållberg, M., & Cooke, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wållberg, Maja
- Venue
- Trends in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 583-591
- ISSN
- 1471-4906 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2121115321
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Isaac Newton Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, autoimmunity, beta cell destruction, T cell activation, pro-inflammatory response, immune regulation, gut microbiota, immune tolerance
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Humans, Immune System, Insulin-Secreting Cells
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