Retinoic Acid and Immune Homeostasis: A Balancing Act
Open accessAbstract
In the immune system, the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) is known for its role in inducing gut-homing molecules in T and B cells, inducing regulatory T cells (Tregs), and promoting tolerance. However, it was suggested that RA can have a broad spectrum of effector functions depending on the local microenvironment. Under specific conditions, RA can also promote an inflammatory environment. We discuss the dual role of RA in immune responses and how this might be regulated. Furthermore, we focus on the role of RA in autoimmune diseases and whether RA might be used as a therapeutic agent.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The release of retinoids from HSCs and their subsequent conversion to retinoic acid can maintain regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation and thereby immune tolerance.
“The release of retinoids from HSCs and their subsequent conversion to retinoic acid can maintain regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation and thereby immune tolerance [249].”
From Inflammation and immunity in liver homeostasis and disease: a nexus of hepatocytes, nonparenchymal cells and immune cells (2025) · cites this paper as [249]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 102 · Cited by 255
- Authors
- Erkelens, M. N., & Mebius, R. E.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Mebius, Reina E.
- Venue
- Trends in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 168-180
- ISSN
- 1471-4906 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2576233835
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 2.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.amsterdamumc.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Trends in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Keywords
- retinoic acid, immune homeostasis, vitamin A metabolism, regulatory T cells, T cell differentiation, B cells, immune tolerance, inflammation, autoimmune disease
- MeSH terms
- Animals, B-Lymphocytes, Homeostasis, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Inflammation, Tretinoin, Immunity, Mucosal, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Cellular Microenvironment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
