The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Correlates and Consequences of Suicidal Cognitions and Behaviors in Children Ages 3 to 7 Years
Open accessAbstract
Objective Despite research documenting the existence of depression and other psychiatric disorders in early childhood, little is known about the nature and consequences of suicidal cognitions and behaviors (SI) in young children ages 3 to 7 years. The identification of trajectories of SI across childhood is a critical step toward preventing childhood suicide.Method Participants were 306 children enrolled in a prospective longitudinal investigation of young children and their families. Children and their families completed a baseline assessment between ages 3 and 7 years, and at least 1 follow-up assessment (ages 7-12 years). Child psychopathology, suicidal thoughts, plans, and behaviors were assessed via parent and trained interviewer report before age 9, and also with self-report after age 9. Data on maternal history of psychopathology, as well as maternal and family history of suicide attempts, were also obtained through parent report.Results Controlling for a range of clinical and demographic variables, early-childhood SI (as defined as suicidal thoughts, behavior, or any expression of plans/attempts occurring before age 7) and suicidal themes in play were concurrently associated with childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) and oppositional defiant/conduct disorders (ODD/CD). Early-childhood SI also predicted school-age depression and ODD/CD; however, these findings were no longer significant after controlling for the same diagnoses at the childhood baseline. Longitudinal analysis indicated that early-childhood SI was a robust predictor of school-age SI, even after accounting for psychiatric disorders at both time points.Conclusion Extending current research, these findings demonstrate that early-childhood SI confers significant risk for continuation into school-age SI and is concurrently associated with ADHD and ODD/CD. Although the meaning of early-childhood SI remains unclear, results suggest that it is a clinically important phenomenon that should be carefully assessed and taken seriously as a marker of risk for ongoing suicidal ideation/behavior. These findings suggest that early screening for SI in childhood is indicated in clinical settings, particularly in children less than 7 years of age with depression and externalizing disorders.
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“Although rare, suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts have been reported in children as young as 3-7 years,”
From Suicide in young people: screening, risk assessment, and intervention (2023) · cites this paper as [7]
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Suicide in young people: screening, risk assessment, and intervention
Hughes, J. L., Horowitz, L. M., Ackerman, J. P., Adrian, M. C., Campo, J. V., & Bridge, J. A. (2023) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-070630 · Cited by 135
Depression and Anxiety in Preschoolers
Whalen, D. J., Sylvester, C. M., & Luby, J. L. (2017) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2017.02.006 · Cited by 130
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Lawrence, H. R., Burke, T. A., Sheehan, A. E., Pastro, B., Levin, R. Y., Walsh, R. F. L., Bettis, A. H., & Liu, R. T. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01593-3 · Cited by 97
Advancing Research in Child Suicide: A Call to Action
Ayer, L. A., Colpe, L. J., Pearson, J. L., Rooney, M. E., & Murphy, E. R. (2020) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2020.02.010 · Cited by 87
Metadata
- Authors
- Whalen, D. J., Dixon-Gordon, K., Belden, A. C., Barch, D., & Luby, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Whalen, Diana J.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 926-937.e2
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4677777
- OpenAlex
- W1944040555
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 8.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Amgen
- Pfizer
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH064769, L30 MH108015, R01MH090786, T32MH100019)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, early childhood, suicidal cognitions, childhood depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, externalizing disorders, suicide attempts, maternal psychopathology, suicide prevention, risk trajectories, early screening
- MeSH terms
- Behavior Rating Scale, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Depression, Family, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Suicide, Attempted, Washington, Logistic Models, Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Self Report
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