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Cited by 193Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesHomicide, Infanticide, and Child AbuseInjury Epidemiology and Prevention

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: International Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation and Attempt in Youth

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Van Meter, Anna R., Knowles, Ellen A., Mintz, Emily H.·2023·Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.867PMC PMC12702477
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Abstract

Objective Globally, rates of youth suicide vary considerably. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) are consistently associated with risk of death by suicide. However, international trends in STB have not yet been compared. To address this gap, an international meta-analysis of epidemiological and school-based studies that report on STB in youth was conducted. Method Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed and PsycINFO through April 2022. Eligible studies included prevalence of active suicidal ideation (SI) or suicide attempts (SA) in community youth younger than age 22. All studies were coded by 2 authors. Mixed models accounting for shared methods and including hypothesized moderators were conducted using the metafor package in R. Results There were 371 effect sizes for SI, 94 for SI with a plan, and 316 for SA, representing 149 regions. Year of data collection ranged from 1981 to 2021. Participants were 6 to 21 years old. The prevalence of SI ranged across regions from 14.3% to 22.6%; the prevalence of SA ranged from 4.6% to 15.8%. Year was not associated with increasing STB prevalence except for studies from the United States, which showed increasing rates of SI and SA since 2007. Conclusion This is the most comprehensive meta-analysis of STB in youth, providing valuable data about how risk factors most commonly associated with suicide vary internationally and over time. International rates of STB among youth are not improving and may be getting worse in the United States, despite efforts to reduce suicide risk. Most studies did not report rates of SI or SA separately for LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and others) youth and youth of color. A better understanding of proximal risk at the individual level will be important to informing future prevention efforts, especially for high-risk groups.

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Authors
Van Meter, A. R., Knowles, E. A., & Mintz, E. H.
Affiliations
  • Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (US)
  • Barnard College (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2023-09
Volume
62
Issue
9
Pages
973-986
ISSN
0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.867
PMC
PMC12702477
OpenAlex
W4312053828
Cited by
193
References
124
Citations by year
2026: 69 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 1
FWCI
5.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH120505)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
Keywords
suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, youth suicide, prevalence, cross-national comparison, temporal trends, suicide risk factors, LGBTQ youth, youth of color, suicide prevention
MeSH terms
Sexual and Gender Minorities, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Risk Factors, Sexual Behavior, Suicide, Attempted, United States, Prevalence, Young Adult, Suicidal Ideation

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