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The ongoing racial disparities in melanoma: An analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1975-2016)
Open accessAbstract
Background Although most patients with cutaneous melanoma are non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), minorities consistently suffer worse melanoma-specific survival (MSS). Much of the literature comes from analyses of registries from the 1990s and 2000s.Objective We sought to evaluate whether and to what degree racial disparity in MSS persists since 2010.Methods We analyzed 381,035 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. Race categories included Hispanic, NHW, non-Hispanic black (NHB), non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander (NHAPI), and non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native (NHAIAN). We evaluated the association between MSS and race in 3 time periods: before the year 2000, 2000 to 2009, and 2010 or later. NHW was the reference group for all analyses.Results Racial disparity worsened from before the year 2000 to 2010 or later for Hispanic (P < .001), NHB (P = .024), and NHAPI (P < .001) patients. Across all minority groups, patients with localized disease suffered increasing disparity (P = .010 for Hispanic, P < .001 for NHB, P = .023 for NHAPI, and P = .042 for NHAIAN patients). Among those with regional and distant disease, Hispanic patients were the only minority to experience worsening disparity (P = .001 and P = .019, respectively).Limitations Lack of immunotherapy and targeted treatment information.Conclusions Racial disparity in MSS is worsening. Improving postdiagnosis management for minorities with localized disease is imperative to mitigate disparity and improve survival.
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“Research shows that melanoma is less common in dark skin, but it tends to be diagnosed at later, more advanced, and more difficult-to-treat stages as compared to light-skinned individuals [53].”
From A Comprehensive Review of the Role of UV Radiation in Photoaging Processes Between Different Types of Skin (2025) · cites this paper as [53]
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“Research shows that melanoma is less common in dark skin, but it tends to be diagnosed at later, more advanced, and more difficult-to-treat stages as compared to light-skinned individuals [53].”
From A Comprehensive Review of the Role of UV Radiation in Photoaging Processes Between Different Types of Skin (2025) · cites this paper as [53]
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“While individuals with SOC have a lower incidence of melanoma, their mortality rates are disproportionately higher than those of White individuals [70–74].”
From Photoprotection for skin of color (2022) · cites this paper as [70]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Qian, Y., Johannet, P., Sawyers, A., Yu, J., Osman, I., & Zhong, J.
- Affiliations
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhong, Judy
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1585-1593
- ISSN
- 0190-9622 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8049091
- OpenAlex
- W3080499403
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 12
- FWCI
- 6.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NYU Langone Medical Center
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- cutaneous melanoma, racial disparities, melanoma-specific survival, Hispanic patients, non-Hispanic Black patients, localized melanoma, SEER database
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Asian, Black or African American, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Melanoma, Middle Aged, Minority Groups, Skin Neoplasms, United States, SEER Program, White People, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Health Status Disparities
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