Visible light. Part II: Photoprotection against visible and ultraviolet light
Open accessAbstract
Cutaneous photobiology studies have focused primarily on the ultraviolet portion of the solar spectrum. Visible light (VL), which comprises 50% of the electromagnetic radiation that reaches the Earth's surface and, as discussed in Part I of this CME, has cutaneous biologic effects, such as pigment darkening and erythema. Photoprotection against VL includes avoiding the sun, seeking shade, and using photoprotective clothing. The organic and inorganic ultraviolet filters used in sunscreens do not protect against VL, only tinted sunscreens do. In the United States, these filters are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration as an over-the-counter drug and are subject to more stringent regulations than in Europe, Asia, and Australia. There are no established guidelines regarding VL photoprotection. Alternative measures to confer VL photoprotection are being explored. These novel methods include topical, oral, and subcutaneous agents. Further development should focus on better protection in the ultraviolet A1 (340-400 nm) and VL ranges while enhancing the cosmesis of the final products.
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Tinted sunscreens incorporate combinations of iron oxides and pigmentary titanium dioxide to offer visible light protection and improve color match on people of all Fitzpatrick skin types.
“Tinted sunscreens incorporate combinations of iron oxides and pigmentary titanium dioxide to offer VL protection and utilize the different colors of iron oxides and pigmentary titanium dioxide to improve color match on people of all Fitzpatrick skin types [34, 35].”
From Sunscreens and Photoaging: A Review of Current Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
The Tinted (colored) sunscreens section says tinted sunscreens blend iron oxides and TiO2 pigments to block visible light, and that iron oxides can be yellow, red, or black. It says foundations in multiple shades can offer customized protection for all skin phototypes, but does not specifically establish that tinted sunscreens use the different colors of both pigments to improve color matching across all Fitzpatrick types. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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References 159 · Cited by 118
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [58]Lyons AB, Trullas C, Kohli I, Hamzavi IH, and Lim HW. Photoprotection Beyond Ultraviolet Radiation: A Review of Tinted Sunscreens. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Apr. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.079. Online ahead of print. 32335182 · DOI · Paper page
- [142]Duteil L, Esdaile J, Maubert Y, A method to assess the protective efficacy of sunscreens against visible light-induced pigmentation. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2017; 33(5): 260– 266. 28602025
- Authors
- Geisler, A. N., Austin, E., Nguyen, J., Hamzavi, I., Jagdeo, J., & Lim, H. W.
- Affiliations
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (US)
- Henry Ford Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jagdeo, Jared
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-05
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1233-1244
- ISSN
- 0190-9622 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8887048
- OpenAlex
- W3132382331
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 159
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 3.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (K23GM1173090)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (K23GM1173090)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular and Laser Science Research
- Keywords
- ultraviolet radiation, sunscreen, UV filters, sun protection, sun avoidance, sunscreen regulation, skin pigmentation, erythema
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Cutaneous, Administration, Oral, Erythema, Humans, Injections, Subcutaneous, Radiation-Protective Agents, Skin, Skin Pigmentation, Sunlight, Ultraviolet Rays, Treatment Outcome
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