Links between the innate immune system and sleep
Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental physiologic process with unknown functions. It is divided into 2 distinct states: non-rapid-eye-movement sleep and rapid-eye-movement sleep. After acute infection with nonneurotropic agents, there are stereotypic changes in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep, particularly increased time spent in slow-wave sleep, and often a reduction of time spent in rapid-eye-movement sleep. It is now recognized that both infection-associated sleep and spontaneous sleep are regulated, in part, by immune mediators called cytokines. This review provides brief tutorials on the elements of the innate immune system that detect infection, how sleep is characterized in the laboratory, issues regarding the interpretation of sleep effects on immune function, the interaction of sleep with circadian rhythms and stress, and some of the microbial products, cytokines, and neuropeptides associated with sleep regulation. We also summarize our current understanding of the role of sleep in host defense and asthma exacerbation.
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TNF and IL-1β mediate the slow-wave sleep response to an infectious challenge.
“We now know that both cytokines likewise mediate the SWS response to an infectious challenge (353).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [353]
During an infectious challenge, increases in NREM sleep amount or intensity and decreases in REM sleep amount have been observed.
“During an infectious challenge, increases in NREM sleep amount or intensity (i.e., increased SWA) and decreases in REM sleep amount (353) have been observed.”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [353]
Pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, increase the amount and intensity of NREM sleep while decreasing the amount of REM sleep.
“pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites increase the amount and intensity of NREM sleep while decreasing the amount of REM sleep (for comprehensive review, see Refs. 299, 353).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [353]
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References 139 · Cited by 277
- Authors
- Majde, J. A., & Krueger, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Washington State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Krueger, James M.
- Venue
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-12
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1188-1198
- ISSN
- 0091-6749 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2104696695
- Cited by
- 277
- References
- 139
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-31453, NS-25378, R01NS031453, R01NS025378)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-36520, R01HD036520)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- sleep, innate immune system, cytokines, NREM sleep, REM sleep, slow-wave sleep, circadian rhythm, stress, neuropeptides, microbial products, host defense, asthma exacerbations, sleep-immune interaction
- MeSH terms
- Acute-Phase Reaction, Asthma, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Immunocompetence, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Cytokines
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