Bone Mass, Depressive, and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescent Girls: Variation by Smoking and Alcohol Use
Open accessAbstract
Purpose The purpose of the study was to examine (a) the association between depressive and anxiety symptoms with bone health, (b) the association of smoking or alcohol use with bone health, and, in turn (c) whether the association between depressive and anxiety symptoms with bone health varied by smoking or alcohol use individually or by combined use. Bone health included total body bone mineral content (TB BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck. Previously published data have not examined these issues in adolescence, a period when more than 50% of bone mass is accrued.Methods An observational study enrolled 262 healthy adolescent girls by age cohort (11, 13, 15, and 17 years). Participants completed questionnaires and interviews on substance use, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. BMC and BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Results Higher depressive symptoms were associated with lower TB BMC and BMD (total hip, femoral neck). Those with the lowest level of smoking had higher BMD of the hip and femoral neck, whereas no main effect differences were noted by alcohol use. Regular users of both cigarettes and alcohol demonstrated a stronger negative association between depressive symptoms and TB BMC as compared with nonusers/experimental users and regular alcohol users. Findings were parallel for anxiety symptoms.Conclusion Depressive and anxiety symptoms may negatively influence bone health in adolescent girls. Consideration of multiple substances, rather than cigarettes or alcohol separately, may be particularly informative with respect to the association of depression with bone health.
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Two other studies reported similar findings regarding a lack of effect for alcohol use on BMD.
“Two other studies reported similar findings regarding a lack of effect for alcohol use on BMD [81, 82].”
From The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Bone Mass: An Overview of Pathophysiologic Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [81]
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References 36 · Cited by 24
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [24]Spielberger CD Edwards CD Lushene RE Montuori J Platzek D STAIC Preliminary Manual Palo Alto, CA Consulting Psychologists Press 1973
- [29]Hollingshead AB A Four-Factor Classification of Social Status New Haven, CT Yale University CT Press 1975
- Authors
- Dorn, L. D., Pabst, S., Sontag, L. M., Kalkwarf, H. J., Hillman, J. B., & Susman, E. J.
- Affiliations
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dorn, Lorah D.
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescent Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 498-504
- ISSN
- 1054-139X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3200526
- OpenAlex
- W2145263245
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Adolescent Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5ul1rr026314-03)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA016402, R21DA025312)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR008084, UL1-RR026314)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Keywords
- bone mineral density, bone mineral content, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, adolescent girls, smoking, alcohol consumption, dual substance use, hip bone density, femoral neck, lumbar spine
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Alcohol Drinking, Anxiety, Bone Diseases, Depression, Female, Femur, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Reference Values, Risk Factors, Smoking, Absorptiometry, Photon, Bone Density, Comorbidity
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