Perspectives on ethnic and racial disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: update and areas of immediate need
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) are a global crisis facing the aging population and society as a whole. With the numbers of people with ADRDs predicted to rise dramatically across the world, the scientific community can no longer neglect the need for research focusing on ADRDs among underrepresented ethnoracial diverse groups. The Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART; alz.org/ISTAART ) comprises a number of professional interest areas (PIAs), each focusing on a major scientific area associated with ADRDs. We leverage the expertise of the existing international cadre of ISTAART scientists and experts to synthesize a cross‐PIA white paper that provides both a concise “state‐of‐the‐science” report of ethnoracial factors across PIA foci and updated recommendations to address immediate needs to advance ADRD science across ethnoracial populations.
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Dementia diagnosis delays are greater among racial and ethnic minorities.
“with greater delays among racial and ethnic minorities.6”
From Review of Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Use in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
The Introduction (page unavailable) reports differences in the timing of Alzheimer’s diagnosis between ethnoracial groups. It does not say that racial and ethnic minorities experience greater diagnostic delays, so the direction of the claimed disparity is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCurrent cognitive assessment challenges include cost, clinician time, required training even for common tests, and language and cultural biases that complicate interpretation in medically under-served populations.
“Current challenges include cost, time required for clinicians to administer tests, specific training even for the most common assessments (e.g., MMSE, MoCA), and language and cultural biases that complicate interpretation in medically under-served populations.6,32,51”
From Review of Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Use in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
The section on ethnoracial factors in disease detection says linguistic and cultural factors can impair interpretation of cognitive tests, discusses cost-effectiveness, and notes that neuropsychologists need training to work with minority groups. It does not identify clinician administration time as a challenge or say that administering common tests such as the MMSE or MoCA requires specific training. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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References 279 · Cited by 528
Research works printed but not linked: 9
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- Authors
- Babulal, G. M., Quiroz, Y. T., Albensi, B. C., Arenaza‐Urquijo, E., Astell, A. J., Babiloni, C., Bahar‐Fuchs, A., Bell, J., Bowman, G. L., Brickman, A. M., Chételat, G., Ciro, C., Cohen, A. D., Dilworth‐Anderson, P., Dodge, H. H., Dreux, S., Edland, S., Esbensen, A., Evered, L., Ewers, M., Fargo, K. N., Fortea, J., Gonzalez, H., Gustafson, D. R., Head, E., Hendrix, J. A., Hofer, S. M., Johnson, L. A., Jutten, R., Kilborn, K., Lanctôt, K. L., Manly, J. J., Martins, R. N., Mielke, M. M., Morris, M. C., Murray, M. E., Oh, E. S., Parra, M. A., Rissman, R. A., Roe, C. M., Santos, O. A., Scarmeas, N., Schneider, L. S., Schupf, N., Sikkes, S., Snyder, H. M., Sohrabi, H. R., Stern, Y., Strydom, A., Tang, Y., Terrera, G. M., Teunissen, C., Melo van Lent, D., Weinborn, M., Wesselman, L., Wilcock, D. M., Zetterberg, H., O'Bryant, S. E., & on behalf of the International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, A. A.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- St. Boniface Hospital (CA)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IT)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Syneos Health (United States) (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Inserm (FR)
- University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Institut für Schlaganfall- und Demenzforschung (DE)
- Alzheimer's Association (US)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley‐Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of San Diego CA USA
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (US)
- University of Kentucky (US)
- University of Victoria (CA)
- University of North Texas Health Science Center (US)
- Amsterdam Neuroscience (NL)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- Rush University (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Heriot-Watt University (GB)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- Capital Medical University (CN)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Department of Clinical Research German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX USA
- ORCID
- Babulal, Ganesh M.
- Quiroz, Yakeel T.
- Albensi, Benedict C.
- Arenaza‐Urquijo, Eider
- Astell, Arlene J.
- Babiloni, Claudio
- Bahar‐Fuchs, Alex
- Bell, Joanne
- Bowman, Gene L.
- Brickman, Adam M.
- Chételat, Gaël
- Ciro, Carrie
- Cohen, Ann D.
- Dodge, Hiroko H.
- Edland, Steven
- Esbensen, Anna
- Evered, Lisbeth
- Ewers, Michael
- Fargo, Keith N.
- Fortea, Juan
- Gustafson, Deborah R.
- Head, Elizabeth
- Hendrix, James A.
- Hofer, Scott M.
- Johnson, Leigh A.
- Jutten, Roos
- Lanctôt, Krista L.
- Manly, Jennifer J.
- Martins, Ralph N.
- Mielke, Michelle M.
- Morris, Martha Clare
- Murray, Melissa E.
- Oh, Esther S.
- Parra, Mario A.
- Rissman, Robert A.
- Roe, Catherine M.
- Santos, Octavio A.
- Scarmeas, Nikolaos
- Schneider, Lon S.
- Schupf, Nicole
- Sikkes, Sietske
- Snyder, Heather M.
- Sohrabi, Hamid R.
- Stern, Yaakov
- Tang, Yi
- Terrera, Graciela Muniz
- Teunissen, Charlotte
- Weinborn, Michael
- Wesselman, Linda
- Wilcock, Donna M.
- Zetterberg, Henrik
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-12-13
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 292-312
- ISSN
- 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5279
- PMC
- PMC6368893
- OpenAlex
- W2903592416
- Cited by
- 528
- References
- 279
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 105 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 17 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 27.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Australasian Journal of Paramedicine (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- CentAUR (University of Reading) (submittedVersion)
- Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Murdoch University Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UVic’s Research and Learning Repository (University of Victoria) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UNC Libraries
- Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)
- Funders
- Florida Department of Health
- Generalitat de Catalunya (2014SGR-0235)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, racial and ethnic disparities
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Ethnicity, Humans, Biomarkers, Biomedical Research, Racial Groups, Healthcare Disparities
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