Microalgal cultivation in open and closed systems under a tropical climate: a life cycle comparison
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Open systems exhibit a high surface-to-volume ratio due to shallow depth, which enhances light penetration and gas exchange but results in low volumetric productivity, requiring large land areas (often 5-10 m2 per production unit).
“which exhibit a high surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio due to the shallow depth of the medium. This characteristic enhances light penetration and gas exchange but also results in low volumetric productivity, thereby requiring large land areas—often between 5 and 10 m2 per production unit (de Oliveira Prado et al., 2023).”
From Microalgae biotechnology and its role in sustainable and healthy food design (2025) · cites this paper as de Oliveira Prado et al., 2023
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References 47 · Cited by 29
- Authors
- Prado, L. D. O., Bolzani, H. R., Souza, H. H. D. S., Ruas, G., & da Silva, G. H. R.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) (BR)
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (BR)
- Venue
- Journal of Cleaner Production
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-10
- Volume
- 422
- Pages
- 138631
- ISSN
- 0959-6526 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4386273702
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 1.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Cleaner Production (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2018/18367-1, 2022/07475-3)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (308663/2021-7, 309064/2018-0, 427936/2018-7)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability
- Keywords
- microalgae cultivation, raceway ponds, flat panel photobioreactor, domestic wastewater, anaerobic treatment, biofertilizers, nutrient recovery, tropical climate, electricity consumption, environmental impact comparison, life cycle assessment, sensitivity analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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