Image guided therapy: The advent of theranostic agents
Abstract
Theranostic agents represent a recently introduced class of imaging probes designed to offer to pharmacologists and physicians a robust tool for minimally invasive in vivo visualization of drug delivery/release and therapy monitoring. By means of these agents, novel strategies able to integrate diagnosis and therapy could be developed. This highly interdisciplinary research field is one of the more innovative products resulting from the synergism between molecular imaging and nanomedicine. Potential applications of theranosis include the in vivo assessment of drug biodistribution and accumulation at the target site, visualization of the drug release from a given nanocarrier, and real-time monitoring of the therapeutic outcome. The expected end-point of theranostic agents is to provide a fundamental support for the optimization of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that could contribute to emerging concepts in the field of the "personalized medicine". This perspective paper aims at providing the reader the basic principles of theranosis with a particular emphasis to the design of theranostic agents.
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FRET has been utilized for observing drug release.
“In addition to MRI, optical imaging approaches, and fluorescence techniques, FRET has also been utilized for observing drug release [130,131].”
From Approaches to Improve EPR-Based Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis (2023) · cites this paper as [130]
PET and SPECT-based probes are less suitable for imaging drug release and optical and MRI-based contrast agents hold landscapes better for this purpose.
“As a result, PET and SPECT-based probes are less suitable for imaging drug release and optical and MRI-based contrast agents hold landscapes better for this purpose [130].”
From Approaches to Improve EPR-Based Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis (2023) · cites this paper as [130]
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References 39 · Cited by 153
- Authors
- Terreno, E., Uggeri, F., & Aime, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Turin (IT)
- Bracco (Italy) (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Terreno, Enzo
- Venue
- Journal of Controlled Release
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 161
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 328-337
- ISSN
- 0168-3659 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2043974985
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Controlled Release (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute
- European Social Fund
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
- Keywords
- theranostic agents, image-guided therapy, molecular imaging, nanomedicine, drug biodistribution, treatment monitoring, personalized medicine
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diagnostic Imaging, Humans, Drug Delivery Systems, Drug Monitoring, Nanomedicine, Nanoparticles
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