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Recent progress in integrated fixed-film activated sludge process for wastewater treatment: A review
Abstract
Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process is considered as one of the leading-edge processes that provides a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. IFAS was introduced as an advancement of the moving bed biofilm reactor by integrating the attached and the suspended growth systems. IFAS offers advantages over the conventional activated sludge process such as reduced footprint, enhanced nutrient removal, complete nitrification, longer solids retention time and better removal of anthropogenic composites. IFAS has been recognized as an attractive option as stated from the results of many pilot and full scales studies. Generally, IFAS achieves >90% removals for combined chemical oxygen demand and ammonia, improves sludge settling properties and enhances operational stability. Recently developed IFAS reactors incorporate frameworks for either methane production, energy generation through algae, or microbial fuel cells. This review details the recent development in IFAS with the focus on the pilot and full-scale applications. The microbial community analyses of IFAS biofilm and floc are underlined along with the special emphasis on organics and nitrogen removals, as well as the future research perspectives.
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What are Bacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances?
Wingender, J., Neu, T. R., & Flemming, H.-C. (1999) · Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60147-7_1 · Cited by 655
Sheng, A. L. K., Bilad, M. R., Osman, N. B., & Arahman, N. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.083 · Cited by 89
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Biological Wastewater Treatment
Theophilus Ogunwumi, O., Festus Adeniyi, A., Chinazor Angus, M., & Sunday Oche, O. (2024) · Wastewater Treatment and Sludge Management Systems - The Gutter-to-Good Approaches · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1004638 · Cited by 267
Metadata
- Authors
- Waqas, S., Bilad, M. R., Man, Z., Wibisono, Y., Jaafar, J., Indra Mahlia, T. M., Khan, A. L., & Aslam, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 268
- Pages
- 110718
- ISSN
- 0301-4797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3024994590
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 6.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Waqas, S., Bilad, M. R., Man, Z., Wibisono, Y., Jaafar, J., Indra Mahlia, T. M., Khan, A. L., & Aslam, M. (2020). Recent progress in integrated fixed-film activated sludge process for wastewater treatment: A review. Journal of Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110718
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