An examination of consumer exposure to caffeine from commercial coffee and coffee-flavoured milk
Abstract
A cross-section of Australian “Espresso/short black” coffee and coffee-flavoured milk samples were purchased and analysed for their caffeine content using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC). Coffees were collected using convenience cluster sampling across four major cities. Packaged coffee-flavoured milks were collected from national grocery distributors. In all, 131 espresso samples and 20 coffee-flavoured milks were analysed. The mean (±SD) quantity of caffeine from espresso coffee was 107±37mg/serving with a concentration of 2550±1030mg/L. The mean (±SD) quantity of caffeine from coffee-flavoured milk was 99±50mg/carton with a concentration of 193±90mg/L. There was considerable variation in caffeine content across both categories and within the same espresso brand purchased at different locations. In total, 42 samples (27.5%) contained ≥120mg per serving of caffeine, and 20 samples (13.1%) exceeded 165mg per serving. The expanded caffeine data supports our original findings which indicated that the probability of consumer exposure to high caffeine doses from popular coffee beverages in Australia is greater than previously reported.
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To avoid reductions in total sleep time, coffee (107 mg per 250 mL) should be consumed at least 8.8 h prior to bedtime.
“To avoid reductions in total sleep time, coffee (107 mg per 250 mL) should be consumed at least 8.8 h prior to bedtime”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [56]
To avoid reductions in total sleep time, a cup of coffee (typical caffeine content: 107 mg per 250 mL) must be consumed at least 8.8 h prior to bedtime.
“a cup of coffee (typical caffeine content: 107 mg per 250 mL [56]) must be consumed at least 8.8 h prior to bedtime”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [56]
Drinking a cup of coffee (107 mg per 250 mL) would likely equate to a 9-min greater reduction in total sleep time than a cup of black tea (47 mg per 250 mL).
“For example, when applying the fi ndings of this study to commonly consumed beverages, drinking a cup of coffee (typical caffeine content: 107 mg per 250 mL [56]) would likely equate to a 9-min greater reduction in total sleep time than a cup of black tea (typical caffeine content: 47 mg per 250 mL [55]).”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [56]
There is an estimated reduction in total sleep time if a cup of coffee (typical caffeine content: 107 mg per 250 mL) is consumed after approximately 1 p.m.
“However, there is an estimated reduction in total sleep time if a cup of coffee (typical caffeine content: 107 mg per 250 mL [56]) is consumed after approximately 1 p.m.”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [56]
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References 11 · Cited by 38
- Authors
- Desbrow, B., Henry, M., & Scheelings, P.
- Affiliations
- Griffith University (AU)
- Queensland Health (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Desbrow, Ben
- ORCID
- Desbrow, Ben
- Venue
- Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 114-118
- ISSN
- 0889-1575 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1983777758
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Food Composition and Analysis (publishedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Queensland Health
- Griffith University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food and Agricultural Sciences
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets
- Keywords
- caffeine, consumer exposure, espresso, caffeine content, caffeine dose, coffee beverages, micellar electrokinetic chromatography
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