The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Correlations of the components of tea tree oil with its antibacterial effects and skin irritation
Open accessAbstract
Tea tree oil (TTO), the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia L., is one of the most popular agents used in cosmetics. This study aimed to explore the correlations of components in TTO with its anti-acne activities and skin irritation. TTOs were isolated from the leaves (TTO-L), twigs, and branches of M. alternifolia by steam distillation, and the components analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results showed that components of TTO-L satisfied the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 4730 guidelines. TTO-L and its components, terpinen-4-ol, terpinolene, α-terpinene, and α-terpineol, had strong inhibitory activities against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus . Moreover, six TTO formulas (DF-TTO) were designed according to ISO 4730 guidelines by adjusting the proportions of these four active components. All DF-TTO formulas showed a positive correlation between terpinen-4-ol concentration and anti- P. acnes activity. In the skin irritation assay, TTO-L, terpinen-4-ol, and 1,8-cineole did not cause significant skin irritation at 2% per site. In conclusion, terpinen-4-ol is the major active component responsible for TTO's antibacterial efficacy, while minor components in TTO also contributed to its efficacy. Moreover, we suggest that a concentration less than 5% is more suitable and safer for treating acne than higher concentrations.
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From Cosmeceuticals in photoaging: A review. (2024) · cites this paper as [17]
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Cites
Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil: a Review of Antimicrobial and Other Medicinal Properties
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Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils
Astani, A., Reichling, J., & Schnitzler, P. (2009) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.2955 · Cited by 410
A review of the toxicity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil
Hammer, K. A., Carson, C. F., Riley, T. V., et al. (2005) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2005.09.001 · Cited by 313
Mondello, F., Bernardis, F. D., Girolamo, A., et al. (2006) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-6-158 · Cited by 222
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Purification and characterization of a solvent stable protease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PseA
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Cosmeceuticals in photoaging: A review.
Chan, L. K. W., Lee, K. W. A., Lee, C. H., Lam, K. W. P., Lee, K. F. V., Wu, R., Wan, J., Shivananjappa, S., Sky, W. T. H., Choi, H., et al. (2024) · Skin Research and Technology · doi:10.1111/srt.13730 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, C.-J., Chen, L.-W., Chen, L.-G., Chang, T.-L., Huang, C.-W., Huang, M.-C., & Wang, C.-C.
- Affiliations
- Taipei Medical University (TW)
- National Chiayi University (TW)
- Department of Health (TW)
- Taipei Medical University Hospital (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Ching-Chiung
- Venue
- Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
- Published
- 2013-06
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 169-176
- ISSN
- 1021-9498 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2024761259
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 3.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Food and Drug Analysis (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (96-COS-2)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Keywords
- tea tree oil, Melaleuca alternifolia, terpinen-4-ol, terpinolene, α-terpinene, α-terpineol, 1,8-cineole, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, antibacterial activity, anti-acne activity, skin irritation, essential oil composition, cosmetic formulation
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