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Removal of cadmium, copper, nickel, cobalt and mercury from water by Apatite II™: Column experiments
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Apatite II™, a biogenic hydroxyapatite, was evaluated as a reactive material for heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Co, Ni and Hg) removal in passive treatments. Apatite II™ reacts with acid water by releasing phosphates that increase the pH up to 6.5-7.5, complexing and inducing metals to precipitate as metal phosphates. The evolution of the solution concentration of calcium, phosphate and metals together with SEM-EDS and XRD examinations were used to identify the retention mechanisms. SEM observation shows low-crystalline precipitate layers composed of P, O and M. Only in the case of Hg and Co were small amounts of crystalline phases detected. Solubility data values were used to predict the measured column experiment values and to support the removal process based on the dissolution of hydroxyapatite, the formation of metal-phosphate species in solution and the precipitation of metal phosphate. Cd(5)(PO(4))(3)OH(s), Cu(2)(PO(4))OH(s), Ni(3)(PO(4))(2)(s), Co(3)(PO(4))(2)8H(2)O(s) and Hg(3)(PO(4))(2)(s) are proposed as the possible mineral phases responsible for the removal processes. The results of the column experiments show that Apatite II™ is a suitable filling for permeable reactive barriers.
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Phosphates released by Pb-bearing minerals (e.g., apatite) cause an increase of the pH up to 6.5-7.5, which induce the complexation and precipitation of heavy metals such as Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn as metal phosphates.
“For instance, phosphates released by Pbearing minerals (e.g., apatite) cause an increase of the pH up to 6.5 -7.5, which induce the complexation and precipitation of heavy metals such as Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, as metal phosphates [36, 37].”
From Chemical Processes Affecting the Mobility of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soil Environments (2016) · cites this paper as [37]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Oliva, J., De Pablo, J., Cortina, J.-L., Cama, J., & Ayora, C.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (ES)
- Centro Tecnológico del Agua (ES)
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Cortina, José-Luis
- Venue
- Journal of Hazardous Materials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 194
- Pages
- 312-323
- ISSN
- 0304-3894 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2014941490
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Hazardous Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Heavy Metal Pollution Remediation
- Keywords
- biogenic hydroxyapatite, heavy metal removal, cadmium, copper, nickel, cobalt, mercury, metal phosphates, passive treatment, permeable reactive barrier, column experiments, acid mine drainage, phosphate release
- MeSH terms
- Apatites, Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper, Mercury, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Nickel, X-Ray Diffraction
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