The sensitivity of diffusion MRI to microstructural properties and experimental factors
Open accessAbstract
Diffusion MRI is a non-invasive technique to study brain microstructure. Differences in the microstructural properties of tissue, including size and anisotropy, can be represented in the signal if the appropriate method of acquisition is used. However, to depict the underlying properties, special care must be taken when designing the acquisition protocol as any changes in the procedure might impact on quantitative measurements. This work reviews state-of-the-art methods for studying brain microstructure using diffusion MRI and their sensitivity to microstructural differences and various experimental factors. Microstructural properties of the tissue at a micrometer scale can be linked to the diffusion signal at a millimeter-scale using modeling. In this paper, we first give an introduction to diffusion MRI and different encoding schemes. Then, signal representation-based methods and multi-compartment models are explained briefly. The sensitivity of the diffusion MRI signal to the microstructural components and the effects of curvedness of axonal trajectories on the diffusion signal are reviewed. Factors that impact on the quality (accuracy and precision) of derived metrics are then reviewed, including the impact of random noise, and variations in the acquisition parameters (i.e., number of sampled signals, b-value and number of acquisition shells). Finally, yet importantly, typical approaches to deal with experimental factors are depicted, including unbiased measures and harmonization. We conclude the review with some future directions and recommendations on this topic.
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Tractography results are sensitive to the choice of the underlying fiber tracking algorithm, which can affect subsequent quantitative analyses using the tractography data.
“It is important to note that tractography is known to be sensitive to the choice of the underlying fiber tracking algorithms, which can further affect any subsequent quantitative analyses using the tractography data.”
From Quantitative mapping of the brain’s structural connectivity using diffusion MRI tractography: A review (2022) · cites this paper as Afzali et al., 2020
The Microstructure models > Effect of model fitting passage mentions combining global tractography with microstructure estimation, but does not compare fiber-tracking algorithms or their effects on analyses of tractography data. Searches for tractography and tracking algorithms found no passage in our copy addressing that specific claim; pages were not provided. (LLM, conf=0.72)
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Zhang, F., Daducci, A., He, Y., Schiavi, S., Seguin, C., Smith, R. E., Yeh, C.-H., Zhao, T., & O’Donnell, L. J. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118870 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
“diffusion kurtosis [222] and many others [6, 3].”
BackgroundYang, J. Y.-M., Yeh, C.-H., Poupon, C., & Calamante, F. (2021) · Physics in Medicine & Biology · doi:10.1088/1361-6560/ac0d90 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Shen, Y., Shen, Y., Wang, M., Jin, K., Yang, P., Cao, Z., Zhu, Q., Zhao, Z., Li, H., Han, L., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116073 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Afzali, M., Pieciak, T., Newman, S., Garyfallidis, E., Özarslan, E., Cheng, H., & Jones, D. K.
- Affiliations
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Universidad de Valladolid (ES)
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Linköping University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Afzali, Maryam
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience Methods
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 347
- Pages
- 108951
- ISSN
- 0165-0270 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7762827
- OpenAlex
- W3089488895
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 12
- FWCI
- 1.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience Methods (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- DiVA (Linkoping University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (104943/Z/14/Z, 104943, 096646, /Z/11/Z, 096646/Z/11/Z, EP/M029778/1)
- ITEA
- Wolfson Foundation (096646/Z/11/Z, EP/M029778/1, 104943/Z/14/Z)
- Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning (AM13-0090)
- VINNOVA
- Linköpings Universitet
- Vetenskapsrådet (2016-04482)
- ITEA3 (17021)
- Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej (PN/BEK/2019/1/00421)
- National Institutes of Health
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/M00855X/1, EP/M029778/1, 104943/Z/14/Z, 096646/Z/11/Z)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB027585)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › NMR spectroscopy and applications
- Keywords
- diffusion MRI, brain microstructure, multi-compartment model, b-value, measurement noise, harmonization, white matter anisotropy
- MeSH terms
- Axons, Brain, Diffusion, Anisotropy, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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