Characterization of the microglial phenotype under specific pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory conditions: Effects of oligomeric and fibrillar amyloid-β
Open accessAbstract
M1 and M2 are the extremes of the differentiation spectrum of activated macrophages. Since microglia are members of the same cell lineage, we have characterized their transcription profile and their phagocytic activity under different conditions. LPS or IFN-gamma induce a M1-like phenotype, while IL-10 or IL-4 differentiate microglia towards a M2-deactivated or M2-alternatively-activated phenotype respectively. These differentiation processes also affect the Notch pathway. In order to study the polarization induced by Abeta, microglia was stimulated with different forms of the peptide. The oligomeric Abeta is a stronger M1-inductor than the fibrillar form. Moreover, a cytokine-induced anti-inflammatory environment reduces the microglial reactivity towards oligomeric Abeta.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
MHC-II expression in microglia can play an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses in PD.
“The MHC-II expression in microglia cells can play an important role in the immune responses (innate and adaptive) in PD (Michelucci et al., 2009; Harms et al., 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2015).”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as Michelucci et al., 2009
Overexpression of α-syn can induce MHC-II expression by microglia.
“In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that overexpression of α-syn can induce the MHC-II expression by microglia.”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as Michelucci et al., 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 56 · Cited by 411
- Authors
- Michelucci, A., Heurtaux, T., Grandbarbe, L., Morga, E., & Heuschling, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Luxembourg (LU)
- Corresponding author
- Heuschling, Paul
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroimmunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 210
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 3-12
- ISSN
- 0165-5728 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2010037905
- Cited by
- 411
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 15.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroimmunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Université du Luxembourg
- Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Keywords
- microglial polarization, M1 macrophage phenotype, M2 phenotype, amyloid-beta oligomers, amyloid-beta fibrils, inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, Notch signaling, phagocytosis, gene expression profiling, Alzheimer's disease
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Cells, Cultured, Chemotaxis, Encephalitis, Gene Expression Regulation, Gliosis, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Molecular Weight, Phenotype, Signal Transduction, Cytokines, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Microglia, Inflammation Mediators, Cell Lineage, Gene Expression Profiling, Mice, Receptors, Notch
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
