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Age and Race Effects on Pain Sensitivity and Modulation Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Open accessAbstract
Unlabelled This study tested the effects of aging and race on responses to noxious stimuli using a wide range of stimulus modalities. The participants were 53 non-Hispanic blacks and 138 non-Hispanic white adults, ages 45 to 76 years. The participants completed a single 3-hour sensory testing session where responses to thermal, mechanical, and cold stimuli were assessed. The results suggest that there are selected age differences, with the older group less sensitive to warm and painful heat stimuli than middle-aged participants, particularly at the knee. This site effect supports the hypothesis that the greatest decrement in pain sensitivity associated with aging occurs in the lower extremities. In addition, there were several instances where age and race effects were compounded, resulting in greater race differences in pain sensitivity among the older participants. Overall, the data suggest that previously reported race differences in pain sensitivity emerged in our older samples, and this study contributes new findings in that these differences may increase with age in non-Hispanic blacks for temporal summation and both heat and cold immersion tolerance. We have added to the aging and pain literature by reporting several small to moderate differences in responses to heat stimuli between middle- and older-age adults.Perspective This study found that the greatest decline in pain sensitivity with aging occurs in the lower extremities. In addition, race differences in pain sensitivity observed in younger adults were also found in our older sample.
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“Age-related changes in sensory (i.e., increased central sensitization, pain facilitation, reduced pain inhibition)(Cruz-Almeida, Sibille, Goodin, Petrov, Bartley, Riley, III, King, Glover, Sotolongo, Herbert, Schmidt, Fessler, Staud, Redden, Bradley, and Fillingim 2014;Riley, III, Cruz-Almeida, Glover, King, Goodin, Sibille, Bartley, Herbert, Sotolongo, Fessler, Redden, Staud, Bradley, and Filling”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Riley, III, Cruz-Almeida, Glover, King, Goodin, Sibille, Bartley, Herbert, Sotolongo, Fessler, Redden, Staud, Bradley, and Fillingim 2014
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Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults
Anton, S. D., Woods, A. J., Ashizawa, T., Barb, D., Buford, T. W., Carter, C. S., Clark, D. J., Cohen, R. A., Corbett, D. B., Cruz-Almeida, Y., et al. (2015) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2015.09.005 · Cited by 292
Self-citationRacial and ethnic differences in experimental pain sensitivity: systematic review and meta-analysis
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“Riley et al.(58) 191 (AA 5 53, and NHW 5 138) Middle-aged and older adults (range: 45-76) 68 4 Patella and the dorsal surface of the hand Calibrated nylon monofilament punctuate AA .”
BackgroundResultInfluentialA biopsychosocial model of chronic pain for older adults
Miaskowski, C., Blyth, F., Nicosia, F., Haan, M., Keefe, F., Smith, A., & Ritchie, C. (2020) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnz329 · Cited by 159
Metadata
- Authors
- Riley, J. L., Cruz-Almeida, Y., Glover, T. L., King, C. D., Goodin, B. R., Sibille, K. T., Bartley, E. J., Herbert, M. S., Sotolongo, A., Fessler, B. J., Redden, D. T., Staud, R., Bradley, L. A., & Fillingim, R. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida Health (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- University of Alabama (US)
- Corresponding author
- Riley, Joseph L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Pain
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 272-282
- ISSN
- 1526-5900 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4005289
- OpenAlex
- W2057166679
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 9.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag033906-10, UL1TR000064, UL1TR000165)
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UL1 TR000165)
- National Institute on Aging (L30 AG040467, R-01-AG-033906, L30 AG043172, R01AG039659, P30AG028740, P30AG031054)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (T32NS045551)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (K23AR062099)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Ion Channels and Receptors
- Keywords
- aging, racial differences, pain sensitivity, pain modulation, thermal pain, cold pain, temporal summation, pain tolerance, lower limb pain, knee joint, non-Hispanic Black adults, middle-aged adults, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Cold Temperature, Female, Forearm, Hot Temperature, Humans, Hyperalgesia, Knee, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Physical Stimulation, Pain Threshold, Black People, White People
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