Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 47Writing and Handwriting EducationDevelopmental and Educational NeuropsychologyChildren's Physical and Motor Development

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Screening for Motor Dysgraphia in Public Schools

Open access

Abstract

To screen for warning signs of dysgraphia in schoolchildren at the sixth grade of elementary school. This was a descriptive, exploratory, cross-sectional cohort study performed with 630 schoolchildren assessed through the (adapted) Analytical Dysgraphia Inventory, which recognizes difficulties in writing through the tracing the graphics. A total of 22% (n = 138) of the sample presented all indications of dysgraphia; the most prevalent indicator was ascending/descending/fluctuating lines (53.6%). When the indicators were correlated to gender, males showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in most of them. Among the warning signs of co-occurrences, dyslexia was the most prevalent indicator (22%). Given the large number of warning signs of dysgraphia observed in schoolchildren, it is advisable to screen for these signs, in order to implement early interventions. Rastrear sinais de alerta para a disgrafia em escolares do 6° ano do ensino fundamental. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, de coorte transversal realizado com 630 escolares avaliados através do Inventário Disgráfico Analítico (adaptado), que reconhece as dificuldades da escrita através do traçado dos grafismos. Em 22% (n = 138) da amostra apareceram todos os indicativos de disgrafia, sendo que o indicador mais prevalente foi o de linha ascendente/descendente/flutuante (53,6%). Se correlacionados os indicadores ao gênero,os meninos apresentaram diferença significativa (p < 0,05) na maioria deles. Dentre os sinais de alerta de co-ocorrências, a dislexia foi a que obteve maior indicador (22%). Considerando o grande número de sinais de alerta para disgrafia encontrados nos escolares, torna-se pertinente o rastreio para que uma intervenção precoce seja realizada.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jped.2013.02.011

Cites

Statistics

Figures

Image 1
CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
Image 2
CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
Figure 1 Sample showing dysgraphic text, containing all occurrences: unrecognizable letters; graphics that result in letter confusion, angles, touched-up letters, abnormal letters patterns, ascending/descending/fluctuating lines.
Figure 1 Sample showing dysgraphic text, containing all occurrences: unrecognizable letters; graphics that result in letter confusion, angles, touched-up letters, abnormal letters patterns, ascending/descending/fluctuating lines.CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
Figure 2 Sample showing text with dysgraphic and dysorthographic characteristics.
Figure 2 Sample showing text with dysgraphic and dysorthographic characteristics.CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 16

  1. Torres RM, Fernandez PF. Dislexia, disortografia e disgrafia. Lisboa: McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. 188.
  2. Overvelde, 2011, Handwriting development in grade 2 and grade 3 primary school children with normal, at risk, or dysgraphic characteristics, Res Dev Disabil., 32, 540, 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.027 · DOI
  3. Jarzebska, 2007, The influence of emotions related to the disease on writing disorders in brain damaged patients, Pol Merkur Lekarski., 22, 283
  4. Adi-Japha, 2007, ADHD and dysgraphia: underlying mechanisms, Cortex., 43, 700, 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70499-4 · DOI
  5. Feder, 2007, Handwriting development, competency, and intervention, Dev Med Child Neurol., 49, 312, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00312.x · DOI · Paper page
  6. Hipolito, 2008, Multidisciplinary view of the inconvenience of learning, Psicol Esc Educ., 12, 463
  7. Karande, 2011, Managing specific learning disability in schools in India, Indian Pediatr., 48, 515, 10.1007/s13312-011-0090-1 · DOI
  8. Rodrigues, 2009, Correlation between indication of disgraphy and scholarship performance, Rev CEFAC., 11, 221, 10.1590/S1516-18462008005000005 · DOI
  9. Berninger, 2008, Gender differences in severity of writing and reading disabilities, J Sch Psychol., 46, 151, 10.1016/j.jsp.2007.02.007 · DOI
  10. Schirmer, 2004, Distúrbios da aquisição da linguagem e da aprendizagem, J Pediatr (Rio J)., 80, S95, 10.2223/JPED.1173 · DOI
  11. Asher, 2006, Handwriting instruction in elementary schools, Am J Occup Ther., 60, 461, 10.5014/ajot.60.4.461 · DOI
  12. Okuda, 2011, Fine motor, sensory and perceptive function of students with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, J Soc Bras Fonoaudiol., 23, 351, 10.1590/S2179-64912011000400010 · DOI
  13. Siqueira, 2011, Poor school performance: an updated review, Rev Assoc Med Bras., 57, 78
  14. Rosenblum, 2010, Relationships between handwriting performance and organizational abilities among children with and without dysgraphia: a preliminary study, Res Dev Disabil., 31, 502, 10.1016/j.ridd.2009.10.016 · DOI
  15. Mogasale, 2012, Prevalence of specific learning disabilities among primary school children in a South Indian city, Indian J Pediatr., 79, 342, 10.1007/s12098-011-0553-3 · DOI
  16. Capellini, 2010, Fine motor function of school-aged children with dyslexia, learning disability and learning difficulties, Pro Fono., 22, 201, 10.1590/S0104-56872010000300008 · DOI

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Martins, M. R. I., Bastos, J. A., Cecato, A. T., Araujo, M. D. L. S., Magro, R. R., & Alaminos, V.
Affiliations
Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (BR)
Corresponding author
Martins, Marielza Regina Ismael
Venue
Jornal de Pediatria
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-01
Volume
89
Issue
1
Pages
70-74
ISSN
0021-7557 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1882247700
Cited by
47
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3
FWCI
14.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Jornal de Pediatria (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Writing and Handwriting Education
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
Keywords
elementary school students, handwriting difficulties, gender differences, early intervention, sixth grade
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Agraphia, Brazil, Child, Dyslexia, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Handwriting, Humans, Learning Disabilities, Male, Mass Screening, Psychomotor Performance, Sex Factors, Sex Distribution

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review